482 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ tone 12 , 1890. 
gradually liardened, and removed to cooler quarters, where they 
can slowly but thoroughly mature their growth. They should now 
have a position where they can enjoy a good circulation of air by 
day, and te gradually exposed to more light and sunshine. A 
vinery where the Grapes aie colouiing and the roof is not unduly 
shaded with foliage will suit them well. Do not diminish the 
supply of vsater. If plants in this condition are retained in heat 
they frequently start into a second growth, which has not much 
chance of being ripened thoroughly, and may possibly suffer from 
damp during the period of rest. 
Cypripediuji ixsigne. 
Plants that have been in the habit of flowering early by 
assisting them to make their growth in heat should now enjoy 
more air and a cooler atmosphere. These flowers are much more 
serviceable during November and December than earlier, and if 
kept too long in heat it wilt be difficult to retard them for flower¬ 
ing during those months. They should still enjoy a shady position, 
and have abundance of water both at their roots and on their 
foliage. 
Disa grandiflora. 
Where these have had abundance of air strong flower stems 
will be extending rapidly. Place them at the coolest end of the 
house, where they can enjoy a free circulation of air. Give the 
plants abundance of water both at their roots and over their 
foliage. Watch for aphides, and if they appear remove them at 
once by means of a sponge and a weak solution of tobacco water. 
—Orchid Grower. 
Mr. Smee's Cattleyas—Nomenclature. 
At the E.H.S. meeting on Tuesday last Mr. Smee exhibited 
three handsome Cattleyas—namely, C. Mossise Mrs. Smee, with 
C. Mendeli Hackbridgensis and C. Mendeli Alfred Smee, all of 
which were, in my opinion, sufficiently distinct to have merited 
aw'ards ; however, only one was so honoured— ie., the last named, 
which is remaikable alike for the fine shape of the flowers and the 
intensely lich shade of crimson. Mr. Smee has for some years 
rpade a close study of those Cattleyas, and has at least seventy or 
eighty of the most distinct varieties in cultivation. The three 
name cl above were selected from them for their general good 
qualities, and this fact alone should be some indication of their 
title to lecognition. Another matter caused some discussion— 
namely, the fact that the varietal name of Hackbridgensis, which 
has been employed for several years, was struck out, though the 
“ Nomenclature Rules ” recently adopted expressly state that they 
should not be retrospective.—L. C. 
Oeciiids in Flower at Upper Holloway. 
Messrs. B. S. Will lAM.s & Son have now an extensive display 
of Orchids in flower at the Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, and re¬ 
specting the diversity of the show the following list will give some 
idea. 
Anguloa Clowesi, Aerides Houlletianum, Angi mcum Sanderianum, 
Bifrenaria vitellina, Calanthes masuca, veratrifolia, and Sanderiana ; 
Cattleyas lobata, Lawrenciana, Loddigesi, Mossiie varieties (aurea, 
aurea magnifica, conspicua, marginata, magnifica, Nevillm, and 
superba), Mendelli grandiflora, Wageneri, and Warneri ; Cypri- 
pediums Amesianum, Ainsworthi, Argus, barbatum superbum, 
caudatum roseum, calurum,ciliolare, Curtisi,conchiferum, Dayanum, 
Dauthieri, grande, Hartwegi, hirsutissimum, Hookeri, Peetersi- 
anum, selligerum, selligerum majus, selligerum rubrum, steno- 
phyllum, Swanianum, superciliare, superbiens, Sedeni candidulum, 
and vernixium. 
Dendrobiums Bensoniae, Devonianum, formosum giganteum, 
infundibulum, Jamesianum, nobile majus, Parishi, suavissimum, 
Schrcederi, and thyrsiflorum ; Epidendrums cuspidatum, bicor- 
nutum, inversum, and vitellinum majus ; Geodorum candidum ; 
Lmlias purpurata and alba, grandis, elegans, and cinnabarina ; 
Lycaste Schilleriana ; Masdevallias amabilis, Chelsoni, Harryana, 
Hairyana Bull’s Blood, atrosanguinea, lilacina, Imta, magnifica, 
regalis, rosea, sanguinea, and splendens ; Miltonias festiva and 
spectabilis rosea. 
Odontoglossums Alexandim, cordatum, cirrhosum, citrosmum 
roseum, Harrjanum, luteo-purpureum, r.mvium majus, Pesca- 
torei, Roezli album, and vexillarium roseum ; Oncidiums con- 
color, cucullatum, macranthum, Marshallianum, Krameri, saicodes, 
and stelligerum ; Paphinia cristata grandis ; Phalmnopsis rosea 
leucaspcs, and Sanderiana; Scuticaria Hadweni ; Trichopilia 
crispa, marginata, and tortilis ; Vandas Deni.soniana, suavis Gots- 
chalk s vaiiety, teres, and alba, tricolor insignis, Pattersoni, and 
The Glen variety; Zygopetaluin Clayi ; Masdevallias ignoa,, 
Lindeni, vespertilis, Veitchi grandiflora, and Shuttleworthi. 
PARISIAN HORTICULTURE. 
As intimated last week in the cursory notes under the above 
heading there are several subjects which might be w'orthy of treat¬ 
ment in fuller detail, and as I know there are many others who, like 
myself, are specially interested in the matters to be considered a 
few paragraphs may not be altogether lost. During a visit to 
M. Truffaut at Versailles he remarked that it was strange what 
different opinions Englishmen form respecting France and French 
horticulture generally. Some find much to condemn in everything, 
and others are just as enthusiastic about what they observe. 
Though always endeavouring to avoid extremes I must confess to 
an inclination towards the condition of the satisfied visitors. 
Certainly I saw much to admire, and perhaps such a hurried 
journey and brief residence did not give an opportunity for 
detecting all defects, and though some of these were noted yet the 
general impression was favourable, and I left the French shores- 
with a far better opinion of our neighbours both as horticulturists- 
and as a nation than I had hitherto formed. 
Exhibitions—French v. English Method. 
There are some important differences in the scope and design of 
the French horticultural shows ; the one recently held in Paris may 
be taken as fairly representing the best efforts in that direction. 
First, with regard to the schedule, the classes are more numerous, a 
greater diversity of objects is provided for, and the effort is- 
evidently to render the exhibition as representative of horticulture- 
as possible. Then no money prizes are offered, all the inducements 
may be said to be honorary ; the medals awarded, though of diffe¬ 
rent grades, not representing any value approaching to the money- 
prizes given in this country, so that the exhibitors do not obtain 
any pecuniary return for the labour and expense incurred. In 
addition, however, to the medals in the respective classes there are^ 
the Prix d'Honneur offered by the Minister of Agriculture or some 
other important functionary, which are greatly coveted and most 
highly esteemed when secured. These are awarded to the ex¬ 
hibitors who contribute the best, taking the show as a whole, the 
merit of their productions being solely considered. There are thus- 
two forms of competition, first in the classes individually, and 
secondly throughout the exhibition, and I have no hesitation iii 
saying that these medals are more highly valued by the recipients. 
than many of the money prizes are here. 
This system possesses many advantages where the exhibitions- 
are mainly supported by the trade, as they are in Paris, but strangely 
enough it seems inapplicable to those where amateurs are expected 
to compete, as at most of our English shows. The attempt to» 
introduce such a plan at Manchester or York, for instance, would 
lead to immediate failure, and it has been also proved in London 
too, as immediately the prizes are reduced in value the amateur- 
exhibitors decrease in number, and the shows become what are not- 
inaptly termed “trade bazaars.” They may not be less beautiful 
than formerly, they are quite as attractive to the general public,, 
but they are deficient in the interest that only genuine amateur 
enthusiasm and competition can impart. The nurserymen know 
this full well, admit the defect, and deplore the decadence irs 
amateur competition, which they rightly attribute to the small 
encouragement afforded except by special societies. The Nationali 
Rose and the National Chrysanthemum Societies have no difficulty- 
in securing amateur exhibitors in abundance to form the foundation 
of their shows, then the trade exhibitors constitute a welcome and 
appropriate addition, but no Show formed by nurserymen alone can 
be regarded in England as fairly representative of the horticulture 
of the country. 
In France matters are very different. There are not the same 
numbers of wealthy and middle class amateurs engaged in gardening 
as a pastime. The requirements, the conditions, and the modes of 
supply are widely different. Horticulture in all its branches is 
mainly left in the hands of the trade. The flowers and plants so 
extensively employed in decoration are mostly purchased in the 
markets or from nurserymen, and not, as is so frequently the case- 
here, grown at home for the special purpose. This is mainly due- 
to the fact that in and around large cities in France, but especially in 
Paris, there is not the same home life as in England. There is- 
more living in public ; the cafes and the hotels are the centres of 
city life, and ample evidence is afforded that the French, or ak 
least the Parisians, are not a stay-at-home people. Villa gardens 
as we know them are comparative exceptions, but to some of these- 
exceptions I shall have occasion to refer again. Sufficient, how¬ 
ever, has been said to indicate the difference in the conditions- 
relating to shows in France and in England, and if it is added that 
