Ajiil 14, 1887. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
301 
pointing manure oa-efully in, just as signs of growth are visible, quite 
smother matter. We have seen splendil crop3 follow this latter practice, 
and plants seriously injured by the former. 
Vines Breaking Irregularly (4 Constint Reader). —The vngiri-s of 
Vinei is proverbial. They mostly start at the upper part fir-1, but lifted 
Vines usually break from the bot’om upward, so that there is nothing 
uncommon about them; and it is not only a characterise of Vines, but all 
Uted tr es. It dep nds on the amount of the root reduction and the vigour 
or otherwise of the Vines. If the roots were in bad condition, and conse¬ 
quently only a few wer • retained in proportion to the head, then they will 
only be able to supply sap for the support of part of the Vine, and growths 
■will proceed from the base upwards, according to the amount of sap ava 1- 
ab'.e. That is one reason. There is anoth r—viz., the upper portions of 
the Vines are not only youngest lint strongest. They have 1 irger pores or 
rap-vess Is, and are not so soon fi led as the lower, heucc the buds on the 
lower half of the Vines have the sap needful for their development. There 
is a third reason—viz., the lower half of the Vines from being least vigorous 
have more concentrated sap, aud this acted on by heat and moisture will 
vause the buds to devdope more rapidly than on stronger and less ripened 
wood. To insure an even break we advise that air be admitted by the side 
ventilators only, which will keep a moist condition of the atmosphere at the 
upper part of the bouse, and so induce the sap to extend to the extrem t es, 
causing the buds to dcvelope equally with the lower part, especially if the 
Vines are syringed three times a day. A light shade would also bs advan¬ 
tageous in bright weather to lessen evaporation. Watering the out-ide 
border wou'd only tend to aggravate the evil, as it would be moist enough 
and much colder than the air. The water u*ed for syringing should be 
t»pid, and any given the roots should also be warm, but outside borders are 
this year wet andcold enough. Even established Vines are breaking badly. 
Vines Dying ( 0. E .).—We regret to inform you that the Vine roots sent 
for examination are seriously att eked with the phylloxera. They are not 
only covered with small tuberosities that indicate the presence of the pest, 
but clusters of eggs were clearly visible uoder the microscopy, also insects 
in the f ru of a “small ovoid miss,” described by M. Fiancbon, who 
observes :—“ When the insect is about to lay i‘s eggs (that is, in the adult 
fema'e state), it forms a small ovoid mass, having its inforior surface flat¬ 
tened, its dorsal surface convex, being surrounded by a kind of fillet, which 
is very narrow when it touches the thorae’e part of its body, which, formed 
by five ra'her indistinct rings, is hardly separated from its abdominal part 
of seven rings. Six rows of small blunt tubercles form a s ight protuberance 
Fig. 64.—Phylloxera vaRtatrix. 
Female specimens and their eggs. a. Antenna:; 6,horns or suckers; c. egg plainly 
vitibie in the body of the insect; /, witged form of the insect. All magnified. 
on Ihe thoracic sezmen's, nnd are found very faintly marked on the abdo¬ 
minal segments. The head is always concealed by the anterior protuberance 
of the buckler; the antennse are almost always inactive. The abdom-n, often 
short and cou'racted,becom<s elongated towards laying time, and there can 
be easilv seen one, two, or sometimes three eggs, in a mo-e or less mature 
state. The egg sometimes retains its yellow coljur for one, two, or thrt e 
days after it has been laid ; more often, however, it changes to a dull grey 
hue. From five to eight days generally elapse before it is hatched. The 
duration of this period depends a good deal on the temperature. The 
quantity of e^gs. aud the rapidity with which they are produced, are. pro¬ 
bably determined by a variety of circumstances—the h alth of the insect, 
the quantity of nourishment it is able to obtain, the weather, and pe-haps 
other cause- 1 . A female which had produced six eggs at 8 o’clock a m. on 
the 20th of August had fifteen on the 21st at 4 P.M. —that is, she laid nine 
ia thirty-two hours. Other females lay one, two, or three eggs in twenty- 
four hours. The maximum quantity is thirty in five days. Tee eggs are 
generally piled up near the mother without any apparent order, but she 
rometim-s changes her po ition so as to scatter them all around her. They 
have a smooth surface, and adhere lightly to each other by m-’ans of a slimy 
matter which attaches to them. Hatching takes p’ace through au irregular 
and often lateral rent in the eg?, the empty and crumpled membrane being 
fauud among eggs in different stages of hatching.” With Vines in such a 
bad stats there is only one safe method of procedure, and that is to clear 
them out. also the bo-der, and, after thoroughly clean-ing the house, to 
plant new Vines in fresh soil. Possibly on reflection you may be able to 
tir.d how and when the scourge was introduced. 
Names of Fruits.—The names and addresses of senders of fruit to be named 
raist in all cases be enclosed with the specimens, whether letters referring 
to the fruit are sent bv post or not. The names are not necessarily’ required 
for publication, initials sufficing for that. Only six specimens can be 
nmed at once, and surplus fruits beyond that number cannot be preserved. 
(.4 Con tant Reader, Per shore ).—The Apple is Lady Henuiker. 
Names of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of p'ants, not 
vaiieti s that have originated fiom Beed and termed florists' flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should heir spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry 
cotton wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
(.1 K. C .)-—Dendrobium Farmeri aureo-flavum c rlainly, not D. timbriatum. 
{T>. J. o. H)— Fre sia refracti. IE. II B ).—We consider your plant an 
erdinary variety of Dendrobium Pitraicli. 
Placing Section Racks upou a Hive (A. B .).—When admission is {liven 
the bees to supers from every comb there is a risk of a drought being 
caused through the brood nest, and should the weather be unfivourab'o 
the progress of the bees is greatly retarded, and larvie may be eaten. The 
qu en is liable to ascend if the brood ne3t is anything too small, and the 
combs will be much darkened. The crown of the hive is b;st in all cases to 
be closed by slides, as in the Stewarton, or with slips of wood to drop 
between frames, and all hives should be constructed so as to admit of that 
beiug done, a:;d the bees should be admitted to supers from the outside 
space, or not more than two. This method is not only better in every 
respect, and particularly for producing a more d-lieate sample of honeycomb, 
but it eotirely obviates tb 3 use of excluder zinc, honey-boards, or ticking, ail 
of which annoys and retards the bees ia their labours more orles 1 , and in¬ 
creases 1 ibv.nr to them by the propolis required. Not having tbe knowledge 
of the sort of frame you use we cinnot advise how you can accomplish what 
we advise, but you will find inslruotions in back numbers describing the 
cheap hive. 
COVENT OARDEN MARKET.— April 13th. 
FRUIT. 
*. 
d. 8. 
d. 
9. 
d. 
8 
d. 
Apple* .. .. 
2 
0 
t) 6 
0 
Melon .. .. 
0 
0 
to 0 
0 
„ Nova 8 
cotia and 
Oranges 
6 
0 
it 
0 
Canada, per Parrel 10 
0 
n 
0 
Peaches .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cherries .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pears. 
I 
0 
9 
0 
Cobs . 
60 
0 
65 
0 
Pioe Apples English., tb. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Figs . 
. dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Piuma .. .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Grape*. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
St. Michael Pines ..each 
9 
0 
8 
0 
Lemons. 
0 
IS 
0 
Strawberries .. 
. • per tt>. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
9. 
d 
s 
d. 
Artichokes 
.. dozen 
l 
0 
to 0 
0 
Lettuce .. .. 
1 
0 
to 1 
0 
Aspara&ua 
.. bundle 
8 
0 
13 
0 
Mushrooms 
.. punnet 
0 
6 
1 
1 
Beans, Kidney 
.. per lb 
n 
0 
2 
6 
Mustard aud Cress punnet 
0 
2 
0 
6 
Beit, Red .. 
.. dozen 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Ouions .. .. 
0 
* 
0 
0 
Broccoli .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley .. dozen bunches 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Brussels Sprouts 
.. 1 sieve 
8 
0 
9 
8 
Parsnip3.. .. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Cabbage .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Potatoes.. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Capsicums .. 
.. 100 
I 
6 
2 
0 
,, Kidney 
.. owt. 
4 
9 
0 
0 
Carrots .. .. 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Rhubarb.. 
.. bundle 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers .. 
• • dozen 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy .. . 
#. bundle 
i 
0 
1 
6 
Celery .. .. 
I 
< 
8 
0 
Scorzonera .. 
.. bundle 
1 
6 
0 
o 
Coleworts doz. bunches 
8 
0 
4 
0 
Scakale •• •• 
per basket 
i 
6 
0 
O 
Cucm»ber9 .. 
.. each 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Shallots .. .. 
0 
s 
0 
0 
Endive «. .. 
1 
0 
9 
0 
Spinach .. .. 
8 
0 
4 
4 
Herns .. .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .. 
.. .. tb. 
i 
0 
2 
Leeks .. ,. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Turnips .. ,. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Aralia Sieboldi .. 
Arbor vitae (golden) 
,. (common) 
Azalea .. .. per 
Begonias .. .. 
Cineraria .. per 
Cyclamen .. .. 
Dr&csena terminal!* 
„ viridis .. 
Erica, various .. 
Enonymus, in var. 
Evergreens,in var. 
Ferns, in variety .. 
Ficus elaaiica 
Foliage Plants, var. 
dozen 9 
dozen 6 
dozen 6 
dozen 24 
dozen 4 
dozen 6 
dozen 12 
dozen 30 
dozen 12 
dozen 18 
dozen 6 
dozen 6 
d ozen 4 
each 1 
each 2 
PLANTS IN POTS, 
d. s. d. 
0 to 18 0 
0 9 0 
12 0 
81 
9 0 
10 0 
24 
60 
24 
43 
18 
24 
18 
7 
10 0 
Fuchsia.dozen 9 
Oenista.dozen 8 
Hyacioths .. per dozen 6 
Lilies Valley.. .. dozen 12 
Marguerite Daisy dozen 6 
Mignonette'.. .. dozen 6 
Myrtles.dozen 6 
Narcisa (various).. dozen 12 
Palms, in var. .. each 2 
Pelargoniums .. dozen 12 
„ scarlet dozen 6 
Primula sisensis per doz. 4 
SoIanrm3 par doz. 9 
Spirma.dozen 9 
Tulips .. .. per doz. pots 6 
d, «. a. 
0 to 12 0 
0 12 0 
9 0 
24 0 
12 n 
•9 0 
12 0 
IS 6 
21 0 
24 0 
9 0 
6 0 
12 0 
12 0 
9 0 
CUT FLOWERS. 
Abntilons ,. 12 bunches 
Aram Lilies .. IS blooms 
Azalea .. .. 12 sprays 
Bouvardiis .. per bunch 
Camellias .. blooms 
Carnations ,. 12 blooms 
.. 12 bunches 
Chrysanthemums 12 bches. 
,. 12 blooms 
Cornflower •• 12 bunches 
Cyclamen .. 12 blooms 
Daffodils, various, dz. bchs 
Epiphyllum .. doz. blooms 
Encharjs .. per dozen 
Gardenias .. 12 blooms 
Hyacinths. Roman, 12 sprays 
, .. .. 12 sprays 
Lapageria, white. 12 blooms 
Liliura loogiflorum, 12 blms. 
Lilac (white). French, bunch 
Lily of the Valley, 12 sprays 
s. d. 
2 0 
1 6 
1 0 
0 0 
0 4 
s. d. 
to 4 0 
6 
1 
1 
4 
8 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
6 
s 
0 
0 
0 
6 
7 
1 
Marguerites.. 12 bunches 
Mignonette .. 12 bunches 
Narciss. Paper-white bnnch 
,, White. English, bunch 
Pelargoniums, per 12 trusses 
» scarlet, 12 trusses 
Primroses ..dozen bunches 
Parme Violets (French) 
Poinsettia .. 12 blooms 
Primula (single) per bunch 
,, (double) per bnnch 
Roses .. 12 bunches 
„ (indoor), per dozen 
Tea. dozen 
„ red (French) dozen 
Stocks, various IS bunches 
Tropreolnm .. 12 bnnehes 
Tuberoses .. 12 blooms 
Tulips .. .. doz. blooms 
Violets .. ,. 12 buuohes 
„ Czar, French, per bunch 
s. d. 
a 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
t 
2 
1 
0 
1 8 
2 0 
s. d. 
to 6 0 
6 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
8 
0 
0 
1 
0 
8 
4 
2 
0 
t 
4 
1 
1 
5 
o 
« 
o 
0 
9 
8 
< 
6 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
THE ROOT CROP. 
The sowing of spring corn is over once more ; winter 
corn has had its spring dressing of manure and the roller 
