June 2, 1887. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
435 
covered when the Vines were thrown out. It had not a single root 
in the border, but had gone out straight through the wall, across a 
narrow walk, and into a bed of Lily of the Valley. The roots 
evidently took up too much water, which resulted in the fruit fail¬ 
ing to keep well. This was the conclusion arrived at when the 
position of its roots were discovered, and which has been verified 
again and again by the behaviour of other Vines with their roots 
outside. 
Opinions formed principally by observation when practising in 
various parts of the country have certainly been confirmed on this 
subject by results for some years past. It is to be hoped that the 
evils pointed out, that may bike place during wet autumns, may be 
the means of preventing intending planters placing the roots of 
late Vines in outside borders, to be troubled afterwards with the 
Grapes keeping badly, for this could be avoided by keeping them 
inside. Where appearances are no object I do not wish to infer 
that borders cannot be protected from becoming too wet, and thus 
influence the keeping of the fruit ; but when both inside and 
outside borders can be made I do not perceive the slightest 
necessity for making both. If it is a good practice to have the 
roots of early Vines inside, which is beyond dispute, it is equally 
judicious to have these for the production of late fruit in similar 
positions. 
Outside borders are not altogether condemned, for they aro 
equally as good for midseason varieties as those inside, for they 
certainly give less trouble in watering and reduce anxiety on this 
point. For amateurs I believe outside borders to be infinitely 
better than inside ones, for the Vines are not so liable to suffer by 
injudicious watering. If the borders were not over-drained and 
thoroughly mulched in spring, and then left to Nature, better pro¬ 
duce would in very many instances be the result than what is the 
case at present. 
In many instances where Vine borders have to be covered 
during the spring or summer with Daisies, Mignonette, and other 
flowering plants they are much better in than out, even if the Vines 
are intended to yield midsummer fruit. Any method of forking 
the surface of the border, however light, will drive the roots down, 
which alone is disadvantageous to the Vines. To carry out such 
operations a mere pricking of the surface is not sufficient. 
Numerous fibres are destroyed, and the roots leave the sutface 
and descend deeper and deeper beyond the reach of useful but 
too frequently used implements.—W m. Bardney. 
TRANSPLANTING PEAS. 
For numerous reasons I think this system is not resorted to as often 
as it might be, not merely for early Peas but at other times. In my own 
case, the wall adjoining my experimental vegetable plot is much resorted 
to by crows and jackdaws, except during the nest-building and hatching 
season, when they only visit occasionally. Now, as if for pure mischief, 
they never let a Pea bud come through the ground without pulling it up 
if exposed and leaving them otherwise untouched on the surface. They 
remain perched on the wall then until I arrive, as if, with inquisitive 
eyes, to see how I like their exploits. In the case of new and valuable 
varieties like the above, “ Pea guards,” or guards of some kind, must be 
made use of, or vexation and disappointment result. Hearing so much 
of Carter’s Anticipation last year in London, I resolved to have a few 
lines of it, but the ground I wished to have it in was until yesterday 
occupied with spring Broccoli. Not wishing to be too late in getting 
Anticipation in, I sowed several boxes of it in rich loam in advance, the 
seeds about 1 inch asunder. This is a variety like Stratagem, that grows 
dwarf and compact, and turns out to be most suitable for transplanting. 
They lift from the box readily, and when transplanted in the prepared 
manured lines and directly covered in they sustain no check. Of course 
it is well known that neither crows, jackdaws, sparrows, mice, or any 
other vermin touch them at this stage ; and when the drills are thus 
made newly for them no slugs are near to injure them, and this is 
important in old gun lens. It is a good time to sow the above and the 
main crop varieties.—W. J. Murphy, Clonmel. 
NOTES AT KEW. 
The prolonged dull cold weather has greatly retarded the de¬ 
velopment of outdoor attractions in gardens, but there is now a 
partial recovery. The trees are clothed with foliage, and hardy 
fiowere are rapidly increasing in numbers. If a fine afternoon can 
be selected at this time of year for a visit to Kew, any amateur or 
professional horticulturist will find abundance to admire, and it 
will be strange indeed if he fail to depart without adding somewhat 
to his floricultural or botanical knowledge. Those who are specially 
interested in Kew and who are most familiar with its progress will 
know how much the resources of the establishment have been de¬ 
veloped in recent years, its practical importance has steadily increased, 
and its educational value proportionately improved. Not only is the 
marvellous collection of plants continually extended by the addition 
of novelties or rarities, but the public have an opportunity of 
judging of the horticultural value of the plants, for they are well 
grown, and unfortunately the latter is a condition that is occasion¬ 
ally overlooked or disregarded in botanic gardens. No practical 
man can visit Kew without perceiving that the horticultural element 
is as carefully studied as the botanical or scientific object of the 
garden. This has tended greatly to the extended popularity of the 
establishment, and the effort to render science (or knowledge) 
popular has certainly been successfully accomplished. 
An afternoon would scarcely suffice for even a cursory examina¬ 
tion of all the various departments, and on the occasion of our 
visit we found so much to interest and admire in the old Botanic 
Garden that the pleasure grounds, arboretum, and winter garden 
had to be reserved for another day. The greenhouse, always popular 
with the general visitor, has for a long period been maintained in a 
very attractive condition, and just now it is extremely bright. The 
method of arrangement adopted is a good one, and consists in 
grouping together on the side stages a number of similar plants in 
pots, such as Heliotrope, Hydrangeas, Zonal and other Pelar¬ 
goniums, Eupatoriums, Primula japonica, Cinerarias, Calceolarias, 
Azaleas, Begonias, Hyacinths, Aphelexis, Celsia cretica, &c., the 
spaces between being filled with miscellaneous plants. One result 
of this system is that the heterogeneous effect too common in such 
houses is avoided, each colour is fully brought out, and the respective 
characters of the plants are developed. Upon the stages in the 
wings of the house hardwooded plants are the chief features, very 
interesting groups being formed of the following Bauera rubi- 
oides, of graceful slender growth, and numerous small pink flowers; 
Boronia elatior, rich rose, and B. polygalifolia, pink ; Chorozemas 
flavum, varium elegans, and Soulangeanum, varying from yellow to 
rich orange and crimson, the extremes being sometimes contrasted 
in the same flower, owing to the wings and standard being diversely 
coloured ; Pimelea ferruginea, bright pink dense heads of flowers, 
and small elliptical closely set leaves ; Agapetes buxifolia, a hand¬ 
some plant with bright red tubular flowers in the axils of the leaves 
on long branches—this plant is not quite as compact in habit as 
might be desired, but its brilliantly coloured flowers render it 
worthy of a place in any greenhouse ; Leschenaultia biloba major, 
one of the most brilliant blue-flowered indoor plants we have, it is 
much more graceful in habit and more easily grown than the scarlet 
Leschenaultia formosa, and the colour is delightfully clear and rich ; 
Darwinia tulipifera, with its crimson tinged drooping flowers, is a 
well-known exhibition plant, but is a'so very useful in a small state 
for conservatories or greenhouses; Adenandra umbellata, with 
large white flowers veined dark crimson at the base of exch of the 
five petals ; and the sweet-scented A. fragrans are pretty 
plants. C leonema album, with innumerable diminutive white 
flowers, forms graceful little bushes ; Vaccinium myrsinites has 
small white bell-like flowers ; Dracophyllum gracile, Eriostemons, 
and the useful free Polygala Dalmaisiana are familiar to all ; Oxy- 
lobium ellipticum has bright yellow pea-shaped flowers, a brilliant 
red spot at the base of each standard rendering it very distinct; 
Darwinia fuchsioides and Grevillea rosmarinifolia are also flowering 
freely, with the sulphur yellow Gnidia carinata and the mauve- 
coloured Agathosma rugosa, and a variety named oblonga with white 
flowers. A plant of Lotus Bertholetianus (or Peliorhynchus) 
suspended in a basket over this stage is very notable, the growths 
slender and drooping, with linear glaucous leaves and flowers like 
a Kennedya, bright orange red, ail the divisions acute, but the 
standard narrow and sharply recurved, giving a peculiar ap¬ 
pearance. 
Other plants especially well grown and notable were the follow¬ 
ing : — Acroclinium roseum in 48-pots, bearing numbers of its bright 
rose-coloured durable flower heads ; Eupatorium ferrugineum, dark 
stems, large rhomboid leaves, and heads of white flowers ; Primula 
japonica, very effective in 48 aud 32-size pots, three to seven scapes 
each, with three or four expanded whorls of deep crimson flowers, 
and more to come. In one part of the house a group of these is 
arranged with Veronica Hulkeana, and the effect is most pleasing, 
the pale mauve flowers and slender straggling growths of the latter 
contrasting with the crimson flowers of the former. Begonia 
Knowsleyana is a useful variety, as it produces its flowers in the 
greatest profusion, white or slightly tinged with rose, the ovary 
very strongly winged and rosy crim ton. C imnostoma hirsutum forms 
neat bushy little plants bearing numerous starry mauve or whitish 
flowers. Rosa spinosissima, the Scotch Rose, is not often seen in 
greenhouses, but at Kew several plants in 48-size pots have a very 
pleasing appearance, the flowers creamy white, being slightly 
cupped and fragrant. Aphelexis macrantha, purpurea, Brucei, 
rosea, and spectabilis in 60 and 48-size pots form a capital group, 
the plants all healthy and with thirty to forty flower heads each, 
differing in their depth of colour, but all briglit. Celsia cretica in 
32-size pots is extremely showy, 2) to 3 feet high, covered with 
rich yellow flowers 2 inches in diameter. Heuchera sanguinea, an 
