480 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ Jane IP, 1887. 
is liad from sowings made fortnightly from the middle of February, 
or as soon as the weather is favourable, up to the end of. J uly. 
The system of sowing Spinach as thick as Mustard and Cress 
deserves to fail, as it usually does when wanted. On the raiesd 
ridges it has plenty of air, is sturdier, and the leaves are thicker. 
Manure buried only causes excessive luxuriance, and renders the 
plants highly susceptible to frost.— Utilitarian. 
NOTES ON APPLES. 
Having nearly a thousand varieties of Apples it may interest 
some of your readers if I send the names of those which I have found 
making the best show of blossom this year. Irish Peach and the 
Astrachans were, as £ have always found them, the earliest. Those 
having the greatest profusion of blossom were JaquesLebel, Golden 
Spire (fine rose colour), Piles Russet (fine rose colour), Reinette Jaune 
ISucree (light), Rosehill (pink), Large Cockpit (pink), Belle Mous¬ 
se use (pink), Lady Derby (true), not Whorle Pippin of the Chiswick 
Congress, was of a fine deep colou r , and had a good show of blossom. 
The 1 atest have been Court Pendu Plat, Lodgemore Nonpareil, 
The Bess Pool, Grange’s, Evargil Pippin, and an Apple exactly like 
Bittersweet in fruit but totally different in blossom ; I had ii some 
years back fur Siberian Harvey, but it does not at all agree with the 
description of that Apple. These six are almost without leaf when the 
blossom comes out. Some late ones were pretty, most of them light 
coloured—namely, Ckaze (light), Defiance (light), Kienle (small 
pink), Sarry Alma (white, very’ pretty and distinct), Red Fall Pippin 
(light), Flushing Spitzemberg (light), Buncombe (light), Land Sand¬ 
wich (large Rhododendron-like blossom, good leaves), Reinette 
Pippin (good light). The latest of all was Ebner’s Tuffetapfel (small 
pink bloom). For beauty nothing has come up to a wild late hedge¬ 
row Crab. 
My plantings range from 300 feet above sea level to 600. This 
range has not apparently this year made any difference in the time 
of blossoming of the different sorts. I have not been from home, so 
I have not had an opportunity of seeing the differences made by 
latitude, mine is 52-42 N. When in fruit none of my Apples come near 
Worcester Pearmain in beauty. 
I sent you some specimens of Worcester Pearmain in February; I 
now send you a few to show you that after being eatable for more than 
nine months, since the latter part of August, it is still not the worst 
of Apples. Having several hundred trees of this they have been a 
very pretty sight when in blossom, not a failure among them. The 
season is quite three weeks late, so unless we have very forcing 
weather they cannot be as early- this year. 
The Chiswick Congress of 1884 made Guernsey Pippin and Golden 
Harvey identical. There is great similarity in the fruit, but the early 
leaves of Golden Harvey’ are of a much brighter green than those of 
Guernsey Pippin, which are of a greyish green. The blossom stalks 
of Guernsey Pippin are much the shorter.— Piiilohelos. 
MR. F. BAUSE AND HIS WORK. 
Some time ago the name of Bause was more familiar than it has been 
of late, or at least was more prominent in the gardening press. Several 
years have elapsed since he won his spurs as a hybridiser in the produc¬ 
tion of a famous batch of Coleuses—the progenitors of the best existing 
varieties ; he subsequently revolutionised the Dracaenas by his extra¬ 
ordinary success in cross-fertilisation in the Anerley Nurseries, where 
he was also fortunate in raising several new Ferns, Adiantums Bausei, 
Lathomi, Victorias, and others that it is not necessary to enumerate. 
But of late little has been heard about the author of those achievements 
beyond what may be described as his home circle and the “ trade.” 
All the world is not aware that Mr. Bause, who worked so success¬ 
fully for others, has for the last three years been engaged in establishing 
a business of his owu. By untiring industry, indomitable persever¬ 
ance, and skilful management he has attained a position on which his 
friends are glad to congratulate him. Some three or four years ago he 
purchased a barren plot of ground. He had then no glass, no plants, 
and not, perhaps, much money. He has now some of the most useful 
structures to be found for “ manufacturing ” and growing plants to a de¬ 
corative size ; possesses “stock,” which is in one department at least— 
Dracrenas — probably unequalled in the kingdom ; Palms, not easily sur¬ 
passed in the way of “ marketable ” plants ; Aspidistras in such numbers 
as are seldom seen ; a good collection of Crotons ; and a few other kinds 
of plants to which he devotes attention. Mr. Bause’s line of action 
consists in growing a great number of a few kinds, and growing 
them well, rather than growing a few of many and not having a 
first-rate stock of any. What he has must be as good of its kind and for 
its purpose as is producible, or he is the reverse of comfortable, and is not 
content till he is abreast of his friends and fellow workers at home and 
abroad. 
The glass ” in the Morland Nursery, South Norwood, consists of eight 
span-roofed houses, four of them each 90 feet long and from 12 to 16 feet 
wide; the other four being 40 feet long, the whole of them strong, 
durable, well arranged, and amply- ^heated structures, having been 
erected on the sound principle that the best materials, workmanship, 
and “ plenty of piping,” though involving a little extra outlay, is the 
most economical in the end. The sashbars for glazing are 3 by 1 5 inch, 
every sixth stronger for giving greater rigidity and supporting shelves, 
strong glass being used in squares 12 by 18 inches well embedded in 
putty, but top putty abandoned as superfluous, as are side lights or 
sashes, the roofs resting on the wall plates. In the larger houses are 
central flat stages 7 feet or 8 feet wide, with a path round, and narrow 
side stages. These are not of open latticework, as the plants grown 
thrive best on a close damp base of cocoa-nut fibre or ashes, nor is great 
provision made for ventilation, Mr. Bause not being a believer in 
creating moisture in a house for the benefit of plants and driving it out 
with a rush. Yet his plants are sturdy or they would not endure their 
ten miles drive more or less to Covent Garden in winter, and the ex¬ 
posure to which they must be submitted in the draughty covered market 
No matter what the season or weather, a market day (twice a week) is 
never missed ; and it is generally admitted that no plants of their kinds 
that are sent to the great emporium surpass, if equal, those in question. 
Mr. Bause has simply “ topped the market,” and therein rests his suc¬ 
cess. “Growing plants for market does not pay,’’ say hundreds of 
persons; and they are right—they do not pay because there are others 
better there, and only those of the first quality meet with a ready sale 
at remunerative prices. Nothing proves the metal of a man like grow¬ 
ing produce for market in these days of keen competition at home and 
from abroad. Mr. Bause is one of those who does not sit down and 
grieve over foreign competition. He took the measure of continental 
producers, and can now grow plants of given kinds, that he does grow, as 
well, if not better, than they can, and sell them as cheap if not cheaper, 
the best proof of this being his exportations ; he sells to the Continent 
as much “ stuff ” as he buys from it, and often more, but his home¬ 
grown plants are preferred by his customers in the market, the “ trade ” 
and private individuals for he does business with all, and with a con¬ 
tinuance of health and strength is bound to do more. 
“ Growing for market is hard work, but-.” We are left to guess 
what the “ but ” with the accompanying shrug of the shoulders means. 
It may be suspected to mean money, ready money ; and a s\ stem of 
large sales with small profits on that basis is better than slow sales, large 
profits, and long credit. “ We have now,” continued our plant manu¬ 
facturer, “ to sell for 2s. 6 d. what a few years since was sold for 7s. 6 d. 
and 10s., but-.” Possibly the “ but ” here means that it may answer 
as well to sell twenty plants daily for as many half-crowns as to sell one 
for four of them, as in the days of larger profits and slower trade. 
There can be little doubt that the trade in high-class ornamental foliaged 
decorative plants has increased by much more than twentyfold during the 
past ten years ; and these are the plants to which Mr. Bause devotes his 
attention. Let us glance at them. 
Dracmnas astonish by their numbers. They are in all stages, from 
an inch high in thumb pots to handsome, well-furnished, and brightly 
coloured saleable plants, 18 inches to 2 feet high, in 5 to 7-inch pots. A 
few of the more prominent are Mrs. Robert Turner, a new bright, broad¬ 
leaved variety, colouring from its infancy ; Fredericki, surpassing ter- 
minalis in colour and decorative value, the demand exceeding the supply ; 
Terminalis alba, useful and “ takes well ” in the market ; but Alexandra 
is the best white, early in colouring, free and pure ; Madame Charles 
Heine (Chantrier) is a sturdy grower, in the style of Mrs. Wills, with 
elegant drooping leaves ; Gladstonei remains one of the most massive 
and rich ; Pendula is distinct and beautiful, a great improvement on 
Cooperi, very hardy, and 10,000 have been sold ; Renardae is a favourite 
as a dwarf, sturdy, early-colouring variety, for which the demand is 
great ; Rossi is good, resembling magnifica inhabit, but richer in colour ; 
Madame F. Bergman (Chantrier) is imposing with its broad-spreading, 
richly coloured leaves. The best of the narrow-leaved forms for table 
decoration are angustifolia (Williams) dark red ; Earncsti, dwarf, rich ; 
superba, crimson, free, upright ; and Sydneyi, slender, drooping, and 
bright. Only one more can be mentioned, Dannelliana, the finest stock 
probably of the best green Dracaena .in cultivation ; it is known as the 
best variety of rubra, and had become scarce. Mr. Bause appears, how¬ 
ever, to have hit on a ready method of increase. It is one of the best of 
room and market plants, rivalling the Aspidistra in hardiness and 
enduring rough usage. 
Palms next demand attention. He would be a bold man to say how 
many thousands there are, some coming up as thick as grass in pans and 
boxes under stages. A sowing of 80,000 seeds of Cocos Weddelliana 
gives an idea of the demand for that elegant Talm, the plants “ going ” 
as fast as they are ready ; the slower to grow (the seeds being two years 
germinating), but not less elegant, Geonoma gracilis, is represented by 
10,000 plants. These are the two most graceful Palms known. Then 
we find quite a forest of the valuable Kentias Belmoreana or Fosteriana, 
and the more sturdy Canterburyana. These, by their darker leaves and 
better “ character,” have practically driven the once popular Seaforthia 
elegans out of the market. Only one other species is grown by the 
thousand—-namely, the yellow stemmed, free and graceful Areca lutescens. 
A few others are seen in lesser numbers, but those named are in the 
greatest demand and are grown accordingly. In no continental estab¬ 
lishment can Palm-growing be seen to better advantage than in this, 
and the famed Belgian growers must look out, or, to quote a remark 
of a travelled horticulturist, “ Bause will beat them.” His plants 
ranging from the smallest seedlings to specimens of about 3 feet high, 
some larger, are in the best of health and colour, stout in texture, and 
clean. 
Upwards of_a hundred varieties of Crotons are grown, these plants 
