Juno 16, 1887. ] 
497 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GAR1 
Flowers for the Shooting Season {Hermit ).— Double and single 
Dahlias planted now, also China Asters in quantity, French and African 
Marigolds, Anemone japonica and its variety alba, double and single 
perennial Sunflowers (Helianthuses), Michaelmas Daisies in variety, 
Pvrethrum uligiuosum, and late summer and early autumn-flowering 
Chrysanthemums. Such are all suitable for the purpose in question, and 
of the easiest culture. Herbaceous plants for flowering in the autumn 
should be planted early in spring. Tomatoes will not answer with cer¬ 
tainty as you propose. 
Insects on Chrysanthemum (T V.J. M .).—One of these insects for¬ 
warded appears to be the larva or caterpillar of a small moth belonging to 
the Pyralis group. The second and third objects we take to bo identical, 
only in a different stage of growth, and this insect is the maggot of a fly, 
presumably an Anthomyia. It is likely you have more to apprehend from 
the fly grub than from the moth larva. Both might probably be destroyed 
by judicious syringing. If you wish for more definite information con¬ 
cerning these, have the goodness to send living examples enclosed in a tin 
box, with a portion of the food plant. 
Thinning Pears (Ebnr ).—Taking the cluster of Doyenn6 d’F,t6 you 
send as an example we should take half the fruit off at once, and the others 
would swell the better, and assuming they all advance satisfactorily we 
should remove three others before the end of the month. Three fruits of 
this Pear may be left on a spur of a healthy tree, or four if the growth is 
very strong, as the crop bemg gathered early there is plenty of time for 
the tree to recuperate itself after the strain to which it may have been 
subjected by its crop. This answers your other question as to ‘ why early 
Pears may be permitted to bear heavier crops than advised for late 
varieties." 
Coleworts (D. Mason ).—IVe usually sow from the middle to the end of 
May, and have plants of the right size for planting on ground vacated by 
Potatoes or other early crops. Those crops are, however, generally later 
this year than usual, and Coleworts raised from seed sown now would 
almost certainly be useful in due time. If the weather is hot and ground 
dry drnw deep drills and flood them repeatedly, then after sowing cover 
the bed with mats in the daytime, withdrawing them at night, until the 
plants are seen pushing through the soil. The Bosette Colewort is good 
and very hardy, any of the dwarf early Cabbages being also useful when 
raised at the present time. 
Propagating Cinerarias (L. M. B .).—You have attempted too much. 
It is not at all uncommon when all the seed possible is left to ripen for the 
plants to either die or produce few or weak suckers. It is better to cut 
down any plants of varieties you desire to perpetuate as soon as the flowers 
fade, as then the growths from the base will be more numerous and strong, 
always provided they are kept free from insects. It is a simple and good 
plan to plant out cut-down Cinerarias rather deeply in free soil in a shaded 
position, but not under trees ; and if kept moist healthy growths will 
cluster from around the base of the stems and form roots. They can then 
be divided and potted. 
Rhododendrons not Flowering ( Clericvs ).—Your shrubs were perhaps 
exhausted by flowering last year, and they would be the less likely to 
flower this if the seed pods were not picked out as soon as the flowers 
faded. That should always be done, and copious supplies of water given 
in dry weather for encouraging quick and free growth, as late growths are 
not always matured. Mulching thickly with leaf soil or much-decayed 
manure, such as the refuse of Mushroom beds, is excellent for Rhododen¬ 
drons, and when the shrubs are “ few and choice,” as in your case, some 
such assistance can usually be afforded. Short grass that is cut from 
lawns is much better than nothing. 
Pelargoniums ( Undergardener ).—Cuttings of Show Pelargoniums can be 
made of the ripened stems that are severed from the plants in the process 
of cutting down, taking care that there is a growth bud—not a flower bud 
—in the axil of tbe leaf that is above the soil after the cuttings are 
inserted. A quicker method of forming good plants is by striking the 
short-jointed flowerless shoots that usually push from the base of the stems 
of healthy plants just before the expansion of the flowers. Some of those 
cuttings that we inserted three weeks or more ago are now thrifty young 
plants, and will be much superior next spring to others raised from 
matured wood six weeks or two months later. 
Watering Flower Beds ( J. C .).—The evening is the best time for 
watering in hot weather, because there is then little or no evaporation of 
moisture from the earth for several hours, and in the meantime the plants 
are imbibing support to fortify them for the strain on their energies 
during a possible exhausting day. When water is applied on hot bright 
mornings, and the greater part of it is extracted by the Bun, the lesser by 
the (lants; at the same time the temperature of the soil is lowered, cold 
always accompaning evaporation, and consequently the tops of plants may 
be roasted, so to say. and the roots perishing. Watering to be effectual 
in hot weather must be thorough ; and it is better to do one portion of a 
garden well on one evening, and another the next, than to merely sprinkle 
the whole, making the surface alone wet, leaving the ground dry below. 
Where mulching <annot follow watering it is an excellent plan to run the 
hoe through the soil as soon as it is dry enough to be worked freely. 
Dressing Vines (G. Jackson ).—We do not consider it a good plan to 
remove much of what you call “superfluous lateral growth ” after the 
Grapes commence changing for ripening. It is much better to prevent 
euch an excess of growth by timely pinching those laterals that are not 
wanted. We never use a knife for dressing Vines in summer, but “ run 
over” a large house frequently before breakfast and nip off s<ch growths 
that can serve no good purpose, the '* prunings ” of a aozen Vines being 
held in the hands. There is no check to the flow of sap after that pract ce, 
but there is when armfuls of “ stuff ’’ is taken out at once, and we have 
•oen Grapes remain stationary for some days when that has been done, 
and have never made up for the lost time, thus being smaller than 
they ought to have been, and would have been if the plan indicated had 
been followed When pinching has been neglected we would rather bend 
the sub laterals and let them hang below the main leaves than sevor them 
from the Vines in large quantities when the fruit is colouring. Black 
Grapes colour better iu the shade than under the direct action of the sun. 
Names of Plants.—We oulv undertake to name species of plants, not 
varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh Btate in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss or soft green leaves form the best packing, dry 
cotton wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at once. 
(Lady King ).—Erigeron aurantiucus, and we thank you for sending such 
a good specimen. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.—June 15th. 
Business steady, with market well supplied. Strawberri s coming 
shorter. 
s. d. 
Apple?, J sieve.0 0 
„ Nova Scotia and 
Canada, barrel 10 0 
Cherries, J siove .. .. 0 0 
Cobs, 100 lb9.0 0 
Fig?, dozen .3 0 
Grape?, per lb. 2 6 
Lemons, case .. .. ..10 0 
Melon, each .2 0 
to 0 
IS 
0 
0 
6 
4 
15 
3 
FRUIT 
d. 
0 
Orange?, per 100 
Peaches, doztn 
Pine Apple?, English, 
per lb . 
Plums, J sieve. 
St. Michael Pine?, each 
Strawberries, per lb. .. 
s. d. 
Artichokes, dozen .. .. 1 
Asparagus, bundle .. .. 1 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 1 
Beet, Red, dozen .. .. 1 
Broccoli, bundle .. .. 0 
Brussels Sprout?, J sieve 0 
Cabbage, dozen .. .. 1 
Capsicums, per 100 .. 1 
Carrots, bunch ,. 0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. 3 
Ceriry, bundle .. .. 1 
Colewort?, doz. bunches 2 
Cncumber?, each .. .. 0 
Endive, dozen.1 
Hero?, bunch.0 
Leek?, bunch.0 
VEGETABLES, 
s. d. 
0 to 2 
6 4 
Lettuce, dozen .. .. 
Mushrooms, punnet 
Mustard and Cress, pant. 
Ouion?, bunch. 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
Potatoes, per owt. 
„ Kidney, per owt. 
Rhubarb, bundle .. .. 
Salsafy, bundle .. ,. 
Scorzouera, bundle .. 
Soakale, basket .. .. 
Shallot?, per tb. 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
Tomatoes, per lb. 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
Aralia Sieboldi. dozen .. 
B. 
8 
d. B. 
0 to 12 
a. 
0 
Fuchsia, dozen. 
Arbor vitae (golden) dozen 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Genista, dozen. 
,. (common),dozen., 
Azalea, dozen. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Geranium (Ivy), dozen .. 
18 
0 
80 
0 
„ Tricolor, dozen 
Hydrangea, dozen .. .. 
Begonias, dozen .. .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Calceolaria, dozen .. .. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Lilies Valley, dozen 
Cineraria, dozen 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Liliura longiflorum, doz. 
Creeping Jenny, dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Lobelia, dozen. 
Draccena termiualis, doz. 30 
0 
60 
0 
Mirgueiite Daisy, dozen 
„ viridis, dozen.. 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Mignonette, dozen .. .. 
Erica, various, dozen 
18 
0 
30 
0 
Musk, dozen . 
Euonymu8, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each 
Pelargoniums, dozen 
Ferns, in variety, dozen 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Ficus elastica, each 
Foliage Plants, var., each 
i 
6 
7 
0 
„ scarlet, doz. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Spirse a, dozen .. .. .. 
B. 
CUT 
d. 8. 
FL 
d. 
OWEBS. 
Abntilons, 12 bunches .. 
Anemones, 12 bnnehes .. 
Aram Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
Azalea, 12 sprays .. .. 
Bluebells. 12 bnnehes .. 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 
Camellias, blooms .. .. 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
„ 12 bnnehes .. 
Cornflower, 12 bundles .. 
Daisies, 12 bunches 
Encharis, dozen .. .. 
Gardenias, 12 blooms .. 
Hyacinths, Roman, 12 
sprays 
Ixia, 12 bunches .. .. 
Lapageria, white, 12 Dims. 
Lilinm longiflorum, 12 
blooms .. .. 
Lilac (white), French, 
bunch . 
Lily ot Valley, 12 spray? 
„ 12 bunches 
2 0 to 4 0 
S 0 
3 0 
0 6 
1 0 
O 6 
1 
1 
0 
0 
6 0 
0 
0 
0 
3 0 
2 0 
0 0 
2 0 
0 0 
6 0 
3 0 
0 0 
4 0 
0 0 
3 0 6 0 
4 0 
n 9 
2 0 
7 0 
1 n 
6 0 
luaiguoiisuo) as? 1/wuwuwu 
Mignonette. 12 bunches 
Myosotis, 12 bunches .. 
Narciss, 12 bunches 
„ White, English, bch. 
Pansies, 12 bunches 
Pelargoniums, 12 trasses 
„ scarlet, 12 trusses 
Poinsettia, 12 blooms ,. 
Primula (single), bunch.. 
„ (double), bunch .. 
Polyanthus, 12 bnnehes.. 
Kananoulns, 12 bunches 
Roses, 12 bunches .. .. 
„ (indoor), dozen .. 
,, Tea, dozen .. .. 
„ red dozen .. *. 
Rose le Mois. 12 bunches 
Stephanotis, 12 sprays .. 
Tropffiolum, 12 bunches 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms .. 
Tulips, dozen blooms .. 
White Pinks, 12buuohes 
s. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
8 
0 to 12 
0 
4 
0 
ii 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
6 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
s 
0 
8 
0 
2 
0 
s 
0 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
1 
0 to 1 
6 
0 
6 
1 
0 
0 
2 
0 
8 
0 
3 
0 
6 
2 
0 
s 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
5 
0 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
1 
0 
1 
6 
1 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
S 
0 
a 
s 
0 
4 
0 
0 
9 
1 
0 
0 
4 
0 
6 
s. 
d. 
p. 
d. 
4 
0 
to 9 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
3 
0 
6 
0 
9 
0 
12 
0 
9 
0 
18 
0 
18 
0 
80 
0 
4 
3 
6 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
4 
0 
9 
0 
2 
0 
6 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
2 
6 
21 
0 
6 
0 
15 
0 
3 
0 
9 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
(. 
d. 
•. 
d. 
2 
0 to 6 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
2 
0 
6 
0 
2 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
0 
9 
1 
0 
e 
4 
0 
6 
e 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
s 
1 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
3 
0 
6 
0 
4 
0 
9 
0 
0 
9 
1 
6 
1 
6 
8 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
8 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
0 
9 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
4 
0 
OUR CEREAL CROPS. 
OATS. 
For all the live stock of the farm Oats form an 
important and nourishing article of diet. E or fattening 
