30 
times of Toetoe (Arundo conspicua). Baskets, large and small, plain, 
and highly ornamented, and dyed, for all manner of uses, ■were woven 
of the same materials; and sometimes the leaves of the Ti (Cordyline 
australis ,) and of the Nikau Palm (A reca sapida) were also used for the 
same purposes. Their sitting and sleeping places were strewed with the 
leaves of the Toetoe, or of Raupo ; with the soft fragrant grass Karetu 
(Hierochloc re dole ns,) when in season, and sometimes with the leaves of 
the Papaauma, (Coprosma grandifolia ) ; for visitors of rank, however, 
the fronds of the different tree ferns were used, particularly of the 
Ponga (Cyathea dealbala). The New Zealanders were often curiously 
particular as to what plants were used tied around, or under and over, 
their vegetable food in their cooking ovens in the earth • for instance, 
the roots of the Tikoralia (Cordyline strict a), were tied separately for 
baking in bundles of Hangehange (Geniostoma ligustr folium) ; for their 
Kao, or prepared sweet potatoes, they used the leaves of the Parataniwha 
(.Elatostemma rugosum) ; generally, however, they used the fronds of 
the larger ferns, Lomaria procera, and Goniopteris pennigera. Fire, by 
friction, was obtained from several woods; the Kaikomako (Pennaniia 
corymbose) was, however, the one most prized, and also the Pate 
(-Schefflerci digitata); and a trunk stem of the Koliia (Passidora 
tetrandra) was often sought to carry fire on a journey, as it had the 
quality of a slow-burning match. The green leaves and branches of the 
Kawakawa (Piper exedsum ), were gathered and laid in rows in their 
plantations of Ivumara, or sweet potatoes, between the beds, and there 
slowly burnt, that the insects which injured the growing plant might be 
destroyed by the disagreeable hitter smoke. The Hue, or gourd, (a 
species of Cucurhilcc), gave useful Calabashes, and vessels of several 
kinds and sizes, from a gill to three gallons, for many purposes. Some¬ 
times, however, large sections of the great sea-weed, Rimurapn, ( B'TJr - 
villea utilis) were inflated and used as Calabashes, called Powha, par¬ 
ticularly for holding cooked animal food in its own fat, and for oil. The 
bark of the Totara was also skilfully made up into neatr vessels, for 
holding and carrying of water. (3.) Of Plants and vegetable substances 
used as Ornament, &c\, the following aro the principalFor Dyes, the 
bark of the Hinau, and of the Pokaka (EUeocarpus dentatus, and 
Ilooherianus ), and also of the Makomako, (Aristotelia racemose), were 
used for black; and the bark of tlie Tanekaha, or Toatoa, (Phyllocladus 
trichomanoides ), for red. Oil, for anointing, was expressed from the 
beaten seeds of the Titoki or Titongi, (Alectryon excelsum ), and also 
