32 
tlio Toi ( Barbarea Australis), and of tlio Poroporo, or Baupoti (Sola- 
num nigrum) ; and tlio baked inner stems and sago-liko pith of the 
largo black fern tree, Korau, or Mamaku, ( Cyathea medullaris). The 
young succuleut unoxpamled shoots of several ferns, such as those of 
Pteris esculenta , Asplenium lucidum , and A. bulbi^erum , and Botry - 
chium Virginicum ; several Fungi, chief among which were the four 
following, which grow on trees,—the Harori (Agaricus adiposits ), the 
Hakeke, and the Popoiahakeke ( Polypoms species), and the Peke- 
pekekiore [Hydnum clathroides) ; also, three terrestrial ones,—the 
Paruwhatitiri (lleodictyon cibarium ), the Pukurau (Lycoper don Fon - 
tainesii), and the curious species Aseroe rubra . The young inner 
blanched leaves and heart of the Ti, or “ Cabbage-tree” ( Cordyline 
australis ), and of the Nikau, or New Zealand Palm, (Areca sapida ), 
were eaten both raw and cooked. A few also of the sea-weeds were 
eaten; such as, the Karengo, (a tidal species of Laminaria found 
plentifully from the East Capo to Cape Turnagain), the Behia, the 
Bimurapa (P’ UrvUlea utilis), and somo others, including Porphyra 
vulgaris ; some of which were also used exclusively to thicken the 
sweet juice of the Tupakilii, or Tutu, ( Coriaria mscifolia ). While 
the small berries of the Makomako ( Aristoteliaracemosd), of the heath¬ 
like Totara ( Leucopogon Fraseri ), and of two species of MuldenbecJda , 
M. adpr essa y and M. complexa , of the Ngaio (Myoporum Ice turn), of 
two species of Pimelea, (P. prostrata , and P. arenaria), and the large 
plum-like fruit of the Tarairo ( Nesodapkne Tmaire), fino-looldng but 
not very gust able, were eagorly sought after in their season by chil¬ 
dren ; who also, with adults, thought highly of a sugary manna-like 
exudation (of doubtful vegetable origin) called Pia-Manuka, and found 
in the summer occasionally on the branches of tlio Leptospermum sco - 
jmnum. The aromatic root and stem of the Papaii (Aciphylla squar- 
rosa ), and tho insipid watery Koroirei, or roots of Typha angustifolia, 
were also eaten raw ; while in times of great scarcity the roots of the 
Matuakumara ( Geranium dissectum ), and of tho Biriwaka {Scirpus 
maritbnus ) were also oaten. 
(ii.) The plants of utility and ornament were very numerous—from 
the giant pine to the tiny moss. These may be conveniently classed 
thus :—(l.) Clothing, or fibre-yielding plants ; (2.) Timber trees, and 
other plants, whence they obtained their canoes, war and husbandry 
implements, and vessels ; and (3.) Plants and vegetable substances used 
as ornament. (1.) Of the clothing, or fibre-yielding plants, one only 
F 
