31 
Milk-thistle ( Sonchus oleraceus ), the large-leaved variety, was common, 
though not (it is reasonably suspected) too plentiful; and this was 
abandoned for the smaller leaved European kind (after its introduction) 
as being less bitter and more palatable. 
(2.) The smaller fruits and vegetables invariably used while in sea¬ 
son comprised, (a.) those which wore largely and commonly used :— 
viz., the fruit of the Tutu, or Tupakihi (fioriaria ruscifolia), the pleasant 
juice of which, in tho early summer was drank with avidity in large 
quantities. Tho berry of the Koliutuhutu, or Kotukutuku (Fuchsia 
excorticata); the Kohoho, or Poroporo, (Solatium avicularej, which, too, 
was somotimes planted; the fruits of the five following timber trees, 
—the Miro (Podocarpus ferruginca) , tho Mataii (P. spicata), the Totara 
(P. Totara), the Kahikatea (P. dacrydioid.es ),—the fruit of which was 
called Koroi,—and tho Pimu ( Dacrydium cuprcssinum) ; and also tho 
fruit (Ureuro) and sugary bract-like spadices (Tawhara) of the climbing 
plant Kiekie ( Freycinetia Banfaii) . The watery honey from the peri¬ 
anths of the Korari ( Phormiam tenax, and Ph. Colensoi), was also eaten 
and collected in largo quantities; and so was a similar substance from 
the flowers of the Pohutukawa ( Metrosidcros tomentosa.) (b.) those 
which were less often used:—the curious red fruit (arillus) of tho 
Titoki, or Titongi, ( Alectryon excelsum); the fruit of the Tutu-papa 
( Coriaria thymifolia); of tho New Zealand Bramble, Tataramoa, (fiubus 
australis ); of two of the New Zealand Myrtles, the Kamarama (. Myrtus 
bullata ), and tho Bohutu (Af. pedunculata); of several species of 
Coprosma ,—particularly of the Karamu ( C. liicida, and C. robusta ), of 
the Papaauma ( C. grandifolia), and of the two littoral species, Taupata 
(C. rctusa), and Tataraheke ((7. accrosa) ; of tho Koropuku ( Gaultheria 
depressa); of the Poroporo ( Solatium nigrum; of the Kawakawa ( Piper 
excelsum); and of the Kareao, or Pirita, (Phipogonum parviflorum). Tho 
pollon also of the flowers of the large Bulrush ( Typha august if olio), was 
extensively collected in its season by the Southern tribes, and mado 
into large gingerbread liko cakes, called Pungapunga. Besides which 
the following roots and plants were often eaten, viz., the roots (cooked) 
of the Panahi ( Calystegia sepium) ; of tho Maikaika ( Artkropodium 
cirrhatum) ; tho tubers of several small Orcliideous genera, such as 
several specimens of Thelymitra, of Afterotus porrifolia, of Orthoceras 
strictum, and of Gastrodia Cunninghamii, containing “ salepthe roots 
of the little sugary Ti-koraha (Cordyline stricta ), of the largo Ti, or 
“ Cabbago Tree” ((7. australis), and of the largo Fern, Para, 
(Maratiia salidna). Also, tho cooked leaves and herbaceous tops of 
