July 5,1894. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER, 
23 
Diseased Tomatoes (.7. B ).—The fruits sent are infested with 
the destructive parasite Cladosporium lycopersici. This fungus causes 
the decay of the fruit. It begins with a minute black spot, which 
surrounds the small decaying style. The black spot gradually increases 
in size by new circles of growth, one beyond another in the style of 
fairy rings. The fungus growth at the same time flattens the apex of 
the fruit, till at last the whole substance is blackened and entirely 
destroyed by the Cladosporium. The fungus spreads from the leaves, 
also from one fruit to another, till at last leaves, stems, and fruits are all 
alike decayed. We reproduce an illustration (fig. 4) of a half destroyed 
fruit, also a view of the assailing fungus enlarged from the microscope 
600 diameters. The brown spores of this Cladosporium are often 
produced in such enormous numbers upon both sides of the foliage that 
they fly from the leaves in millions. Most of the Tomato fungi are in 
their earlier stages quite superficial, so that if remedies are applied in 
good time recovery seems to be possible. All such fruits as you have 
sent should be gathered and burned, the house kept warm, dry, and well 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(7. R. §.).—1, Send another specimen to arrive in a fresh condition ; 2, 
Cissus orientalis (Ivy Vine) ; 3, Periploca graeca. (^Coomhe Parli). —1, 
Echinops ruthenicus; 2, Arum Dracunculus. (7. A'.).—Melilotus 
leucantha. (A. R ,').—Centranthus ruber (the Valerian). (Z». TJ ).— 
Spiraea Aruncus. (//. P.).—We do not name varieties of Rosea ; they 
are florists’ flowers, about which see note above. (^Amateur').— 1, Begonia 
Evansiana ; 2, B. weltoniensis. (P. P. C .').—Saxifraga pennyslvanica ; 
((7. P).—Saponaria ocymoides. (^Ignoramus). —1, Lysimachia vulgaris; 
2, Astrantia major ; 3, Polygonum orientale, the dwarf white variety ; 
4, Nepeta gibraltarica ; 5, Eulalia japonica ; 6, Hordeum pratense. 
Fig. 4. 
DISEASE OF TOMATOES AS CAUSED BY CLADOSPOEIUM LYCOPERSICI. 
ventilated. If the plants become badly infested remove the worst leaves 
as well as the fruits attacked and burn them, then spray the plants 
thoroughly with Bordeaux mixture, using a weak one, say 2 ozs. of 
sulphate of copper dissolved in half a gallon of water in a vessel by itself, 
slacking 2 ozs. of quicklime in another vessel, and forming into a thin 
whitewash; pour this into the vessel containing the sulphate of copper 
solution slowly through a hair sieve, then add enough water to make 
gallons ; stir well, and apply to every part of the Tomato plants, 
coating them evenly wdth the thinnest possible film of the Bordeaux 
mixture, also every part of the house. It will not injure the green 
fruit for use, and that near ripening may be cut, as it is not desirable to 
use it over fruit approaching ripeness. The lime must be quite fresh 
and the sulphate pure. It may be necessary to repeat the spraying in 
about a week or ten days. Ventilate freely, and top-dress with dissolved 
bones three parts, nitrate of potash two parts ; mix, and use 4 ozs. per 
square yard over a little fresh loam. 
IVIaklng' IVIusbroom Spawn (^New Zealand ).—You will not find 
what you desire in the essay. It is written for the guidance of the 
inexperienced in growing Mushrooms, and in the hope that they may 
succeed in their object. There would be ten times more failures than 
now if beginners were to commence with making the spawn. It 
would no more answer to do so than for every builder of a house to 
make his own bricks. Moreover, as has been stated in the Journal of 
Horticulture., there are some things which cannot very well be taught 
on paper—making a watch, for instance—but can only be learned by 
experience. It is much the same in respect to making Mushroom bricks. 
General lines of guidance may be laid down, and with perseverance, 
and possibly sundry failures, a few persons who follow them may 
succeed in their object. No better time for making the spawn can be 
selected than the end of August or the beginning of September in 
England. Take, as materials, a barrowload of cowdung, rather stiff, 
and two barrowloads of horse-droppings, with a little short straw with 
them, and half a barrowload of fibry loam. Mix these into a stiff 
mortar-like substance until pretty well incorporated and the mixture 
looks like grafting-clay. Then make a frame of wood, say half-inch 
boards, and in four pieces—that is, two sides and two ends—enclosing a 
space of 9 inches long, 4^ inches wide, and inch deep. Then obtain 
a flat clean board and a bucket of water, dip the frame in the water, 
place it on your board, fill it with the prepared material, strike level 
with a spade or trowel, and turn out the brick on boards to dry. In 
two or three days, if fine, make two holes in the bricks, but not going 
through—say about an inch in diameter—turn the bricks until they are 
tolerably dry, then into each hole push a piece of good spawn, and draw 
a little cowdung or clay over it to prevent its falling out. Next make 
up a slight hotbed of litter, on which build these bricks in open honey¬ 
comb or pigeon-hole fashion, and cover over with litter, so that these 
spawned bricks shall have a temperature of from 80° to 85°, and not more. 
As the spawn runs, the bricks must be examined, and, as soon as they 
are filled with the gossamer-like white spawn threads, removed, and 
kept in a dry place until wanted for use. Some bricks or pieces will be 
ready to remove before others. Such is the method of procedure, and 
we trust you may be able to exercise the judgment that is requisite in 
carrying it out to achieve success. 
XUames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET.— July 4th. 
MA.RKET getting busy with heavy supplies, Peaches and Nectarines being a glut. 
Prices unaltered. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
a. 
d. 
Apples,Tasmanian, per case 8 
0tol2 
0 
Peaches, per doz. 
1 
0 to 
8 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
.. 1 
0 
3 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Lemons, case .. .. 
,. 10 
0 
15 
0 
Strawberries per lb. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
VEGETABLES. 
a. 
d. 
3. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d, 
Asparagus, per bundle 
.. 1 
6 to 3 
6 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
0 
9 to 
1 
0 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. 
.. 0 
6 
0 
9 
Mustard and Oress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen .. .. 
.. 1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Carrots, bunch .. .. 
.. 0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
„ new, bunch .. 
.. 0 
9 
1 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 1 
Celery, bundle .1 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 2 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 1 
Endive, dozen . . .. .. 1 
Herbs, bunch .0 
Leeks, bunch .0 
Lettuce, dozen. .. , . ., 0 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE 
Orchid Blooms in variety. 
Potatoes, per cwt.2 
Salsafy, bundle.1 
Scorzonera, bundle .. .. 1 
Shallots, per lb.0 
Spinach, bushel.1 
Tomatoes.per lb.0 
Turnips, bunch.0 
„ new, bunch.. .. 0 
PRICES.—OUT FLOWERS. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 1 
Bouvardias, bunch .. 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 0 
„ doa. bunches., 4 
Cornflowers, doz. bunches 1 
Eucharis, dozen.2 
Gardenias, per dozen .. 1 
Gladiolus, dozen bunches.. 1 
Iris, dozen blooms .. .. 0 
Lilac (French) per bunch 3 
Lily of Valley, doz. sprays 1 
Lilium candidum, dozen 
bunches:.12 
Lilium candidum, dozen 
blooms. 
Lilium longiflorum, per doz. 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches. 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
Moss Roses (English), doz. 
to 
0 18 0 
0 
Myosotis or Forget-me- 
nots, dozen bunches 
Mignonette, 12 bunches 
Arbor Vitas (golden) dozen 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
Calceolarias, dozen pots .. 
Cineraria, per dozen .. .. 
Dracaena termiualis, per 
Dracsena viridis, dozen .. 
Ericas, per dozen .. .. 
Euonymus.var., dozen .. 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
„ (small'i per hundred 
Ficus elastica, each .. 
Foliage plants, var., each 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. 
Heliotrope, per dozen 
6 
0 
12 
Roses, Mar^chal Nisi, pec 
dozen . 
1 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Stephanotis, dozen sprays 
1 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms. . .. 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
8. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Hydrangea, per dozen .. 
9 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ivy Geraniums. 
4 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Lilium Harrisi, per dozen 
15 
5 
0 
10 
6 
Lobelia, per dozen .. .. 
4 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
„ yellow, doz. pots 
6 
18 
0 
42 
0 
Mignonette, per doz . 
4 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Musk, per dozen . 
2 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Myrtles, dozen . 
6 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Nasturtiums, per dozen ., 
1 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var.. each ., .. 
1 
4 
0 
18 
0 
„ (specimens) .. .. 
21 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Pelargoniums, per dozen., 
6 
1 
0 
7 
6 
scarlet, per doz. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Roses (Fairy), per dozen .. 
6 
8 0 
8 0 
Spirasas, per dozen 
Stocks, per dozen 
0 0 
3 0 
0 8 
(I 4 
0 10 
Orchids, per dozen blooms. 
Paeonies, dozen bunches .. 
Pansies, dozen bunches ,, 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
bunches.3 
Pinks, various, doz. bnchs. 1 
Poppies, various, dozen 
bunches.0 
Primula (double), dozen 
sprays . 0 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 3 
Ranunculus, doz. bunches 2 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 0 
„ (outdoor), doz. bnchs. 4 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 1 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 2 
Roses (French), per dozen 0 
Roses, Safrano (English), 
d. s. d. 
0 to 9 0 
0 16 0 
0 2 0 
0 9 0 
1 0 
6 
0 
4 
6 0 
3 0 
2 0 
1 0 
6 0 
4 0 
1 0 
8 0 
2 0 
4 0 
1 0 
2 0 
6 0 
2 0 
0 6 
d. s. d. 
0tol8 0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 0 
30 0 
6 0 
4 0 
19 0 
18 0 
8 0 
4 0 
9 0 
6 0 
15 0 
f3 0 
15 0 
6 0 
9 0 
12 0 
6 0 
Roots in variety for planting out in boxes or by the dozen. 
CIIAls^GING AGRICULTURE. 
A New Agricultural College. 
Throughout the long struggle with an agricultural 
depress'on, which is now well advanced in the tale of the years 
