July 13 ,1834 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
71 
surface of the water, whilst the latter settled to the bottom, having the 
appearance of a thickish brown mud. The vessel was then covered with 
boards and left to stand quietly for twenty-four hours to give time for 
completing the partition and settling, after which the water with the 
floating yellow scum was most carefully poured off, leaving the sedi¬ 
ment undisturbed. This was then collected in a pail and placed near 
the fire until the water was all evaporated, leaving it a dry, hard cake 
of a brownish orange colour, this being the carbonate of copper 
required, and which was stored away for use as required. This carbo¬ 
nate of copper is insoluble in water, but soluble in liquid ammonia. 
In using it I dissolved 2 ozs. of the carbonate in one pint of liquid 
ammonia, and mixed this in 20 gallons of water, keeping it well stirred 
to prevent any settling and applying it as a fine spray with the 
■yringe, using a jet thereon instead of a rose end, and breaking the jet 
into fine spray with the forefinger of the left hand. During the time 
necessarily taken up in obtaining and preparing these materials the 
disease had spread itself so rapidly that there was not a leaf upon the 
plants unattacked, the disease ceased to spread after the first spraying, 
and I continued throughout the remainder of the season to spray at 
intervals of ten or twelve days, thus protecting the young foliage as 
formed. I was soon able to clear away every leaf showing disease, and 
late in the autumn I had the house again well furnished with healthy 
clean foliage, and also, which was of more value, a good second crop of 
fruit, which continued ripening satisfactorily until considerably after 
Christmas. I have thus given as clearly as I can the methods I followed 
with the results, and the deductions 1 have myself drawn from them 
are that by commencing the sprayings with this ammoniacal solution of 
carbonate of copper early in July, before the disease has shown itself 
upon the foliage, I can practically bid defiance thereto, as I have proved 
most surely that its spores cannot germinate on foliage thus protected. 
The Bordeaux mixture, consisting of a solution of sulphate of copper 
and lime, is too astringent, and is found injurious to the young tender 
foliage, but the carbonate of copper solution seems to have no injurious 
effects whatever.” 
Formlngr Brick Pits for Early Vegetables (^Somerset ').—The 
southern position would be much the best, in fact it would be a great 
mistake to face the pits to the east. Early vegetables could be grown 
in three pits each of four lights 6 feet by 4 feet. If possible allow 6 feet 
spaces between the pits, as they can be more easily filled and attended 
to when there is good room between them. Sink the walls and excavate 
the pit to a depth of about 30 inches, and build the fronts to a height 
of 3 feet, and the back walls to a height of 4 feet above the level of the 
ground. This would give a good depth for heating material, and admit 
of the pits being utilised for a variety of purposes. After the founda¬ 
tions are laid 4^ inch brickwork will be sufficient, and the wall-plates 
may be of the same width, and not less than 2 inches thick. The lights 
and bearers may well be of the same thickness (2 inches), and use good 
21-oz. glass, as this is the best and cheapest in the end. We can only 
give a brief outline of what may be grown in such pits, fuller cultural 
details invariably appearing in the earlier pages in due course. Carrots 
could be grown in four lights, sowing these, with Kadishes between, at 
fortnightly or rather longer intervals, commencing as early in the year 
as possible, so as to afford a long succession. Two lights in another pit 
could be devoted to early Turnips, and the other two be filled with 
Early Paris Market or Golden Queen Cabbage Lettuces. The third pit 
might be cropped with early Potatoes and Kidney Beans in close 
succession. The Turnips and Lettuces would probably be the first to be 
cleared off, and frame Cucumbers or Melons could then be grown, or if 
preferred, these could follow Potatoes instead of Beans. If early 
Turnips are not particularly wanted then you might well devote two 
lights to raising Brussels Sprouts, Early Broccoli, Cauliflowers, Lettuces 
and Celery, for planting out, though we should think you will be able 
to spare two lights out of the pits primarily intended for raising flowers 
for this purpose. Early London and Dwarf Erfurt Mammoth are good 
varieties of Cauliflower for wintering in pits and frames, and room 
should also be found for plants of Veitch’s Autumn Giant. The latter, 
raised in the autumn and in the spring planted out on good ground, will 
produce extra fine hearts during the following August. 
Srames of Fruits. — Notice .—We have pleasure in naming good 
typical fruits (when the names are discoverable) for the convenience of 
regular subscribers, who are the growers of such fruit, and not col¬ 
lectors of specimens from non-subscribers. This latter procedure is 
wholly irregular, and we trust that none of our readers will allow 
themselves to be made the mediums in infringing our rules. Special 
attention is directed to the following decision, the object of which is 
to discourage the growth of inferior and promote the culture of superior 
varieties. In consequence of the large number of worthless Aj>ples and 
Pears sent to this office to be named, it has been decided to name only 
specimens and varieties of approved merit, and to reject the inferior, 
which are not worth sending or growing. The names and addresses of 
senders of fruit to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the 
specimens, whether letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or 
not. The names are not necessarily required for publication, initials 
euflScing for that. Only six specimens can be named at once, and any 
beyond that number cannot be preserved. They should be sent on the 
first indication of change towards ripening. Dessert Pears cannot be 
named in a hard green state. (W. W.). —Cox’s Pomona. {II. P. R ).— 
—The Grapes you send are Black Hamburghs, poor grown samples, and 
badly coloured. (Z). B .').—Peach Walburton’s Admirable. 
Wames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm boxes. 
Slightly damp moss, soft green grass or leaves form the best packing, 
dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(J. W.y —Cattleya guttata. {Cynosurus ").—The parcel was insufficiently 
stamped. Please remit the overcharge, 2d., and the Grasses will be 
named. (Z. A.).—1, Geranium sanguineum fl.-pl.; 2, Malva moschata 
alba ; 3, Lyiimachia vulgare ; 4, Lythrum salicaria; 5, no leaf sent, 
possibly Funkia ovata. (^Normanton'). —1, Anthericum variegatum; 
2, Begonia Jules Chretien ; 3, Sedum carneum variegatum ; 4, Dracaena 
amabilis ; 7, Bhus cotinus ; 8,Trop£eolum tuberosum. Only six plants 
can be named at once, see instructions above. Specimens in excess 
cannot be preserved. QEnquirerf —Silene inflata. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— July 18th. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
Cherries. 
3 
0 
5 
6 
Lemons, case . 
10 
Oto 15 
0 
Currants, Black, half sieve 
4 
6 
5 
0 
Peaches, per doz. .. .. 
1 
0 
8 
0 
»» Red, „ 
3 
0 
4 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Strawberries per lb. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
0. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
0. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Asparagus, per bundle 
1 
6 to 3 
6 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
0 
9 
to 1 
0 
Beaus, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
„ new, bunch .. ., 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cauiiflowers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
4 
6 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
5 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen .. .. .. 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Spinach, bushel. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Herbs, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Toma toes, per lb. 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
„ new, bunch.. .. 
0 
8 
0 10 
AVERAGE 
WHOLESALE 
PRICES.—OUT FLOWERS. 
Orchid Blooms in variety. 
s. 
d. 
6. 
d 
8. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms ., 
1 
6 
to 3 
0 
Myosotis or Forget-me- 
Asters (French) per bunch 
0 
9 
1 
0 
nots, dozen bunches .. 
1 
6 to 2 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
8 
1 
0 
Orchids, per dozen blooms. 
3 
0 
12 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ doz. bunches.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Cornflowers, doz. bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
Orassula, per bunch 
0 
9 
1 
3 
bunches. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pinks, various, doz. bnchs. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Gaillardia, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Poppies, various, dozen 
Gardenias, per dozen 
1 
0 
4 
0 
bunches. 
0 
9 
2 
0 
Gladiolus, dozen bunches.. 
1 
6 
5 
0 
Primula (double), dozen 
Lily of Valley, doz. sprays 
1 
0 
1 
6 
sprayg. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Lilium candidum, dozen 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
bunches:. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Ditto dozen blooms .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
,, (outdoor), doz. bnchs. 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Lilium longiflorum, per 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
dozen . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
„ Safrano (English),doz. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ Marechal Kiel, doz... 
1 
6 
5 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Stephan itis, dozen sprays 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Stocks, c ozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Moss Roses (English), doz. 
Sweet Peas, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
3 
0 
bunches. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. ,. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arbor Vitae (golden) dozen 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Ivy Geraniums. 
4 
0 
to 6 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Lilium auratum, doz. pots 18 
0 
30 
0 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
18 
0 
36 
0 
„ Harrisi, per dozen 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
5 
0 
10 
6 
„ lancifolium, dozen 
Calceolarias, dozen pots .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
pots. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Crassula, dozen pots.. .. 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Lobelia, per dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, i)er 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
dozen. 
18 
0 
42 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Dracaena viridis, dozen .. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
„ yellow, doz. pots 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Ericas, per dozen ,. .. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Mignonette, per doz. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Euonvmus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Musk, per dozen. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Myrtles, dozen . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Nasturtiums, per dozen .. 
1 
6 
6 
0 
„ (small') per hundred 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Palms, in var., each .. .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 
1 
0 
7 
6 
„ (specimens) ,. .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Pelargoniums, per dozen.. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
,. scirlet, per doz. 
3 
0 
fi 
0 
Heliotrope, per dozen 
5 
0 
8 
0 
Spiraeas, per dozen .. .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Hydrangea, per dozen 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Roots in variety for planting out in boxes or by the dozen. 
DAIRY FARMING. 
From the mere production of milk for sale up to the finishing 
of a first-class Stilton cheese, or the successful running of a 
daii'y factory, dairy farming has a wider range and greater 
