July 26, 1894 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
95 
we found millions of bacteria as closely packed as possible, and here and 
there some spores of the micro-organism, which we mention in order 
that all affected fruit may be at once consigned to the flames, for it is 
possible that these bodies may be the cause of the human ailment 
having some analogy to cholera ; indeed, the germs are identical with 
those producing fruit-diarrhoea. The affection on the wood is the most 
difficult to deal with, as it is on this part that the fungus passes the 
winter, independently of the spores, and is perennial by its mycelia. 
This permeates the tissues, and acts intermittently, being active in 
summer and quiescent in winter. It becomes active in spring, causes 
Cherry trees to gum, especially Morello, at the base of the young wood, 
also on the young shoots, one and two-year-old wood of those and Peach 
and Nectarine trees, for which there is no remedy but to cut away all 
the growths now showing the “ mildew ” and burn them. You may 
also as soon as the fruit is gathered spray the trees with pure sulphate 
of copper solution, 1 lb. to 80 gallons of water, operating in the evening, 
for if done in the morning the leaves, especially young, are apt to scorch. 
Besides, Peach foliage is very susceptible of injury from copper solution, 
otherwise 1 lb. to 50 gallons of water is more efficacious ; but the point 
is to secure a thin film of the copper solution on every part of the trees, 
and then a much less quantity of copper suffices. This will rid all 
external growths of the fungus, but the cutting away of affected parts 
that in the wood is imperative, and when the leaves give indications of 
falling lift the trees, for the wood is lean, long-jointed, and sappy, 
though some of it is in good condition. Another season you may spray 
the trees with ammoniacal carbonate of copper solution when the fruit 
is nearly half grown. Bordeaux mixture must not be used on Peach or 
Nectarine trees, as when made with the greatest care it often injures Peach 
foliage severely. Repeat the carbonate of copper solution in a fortnight 
to three weeks. This will in most cases be sufficient to preserve the 
fruit from attacks, but the best thing is to get rid of it by operating as 
advised on the wood. A method of preparing carbonate of copper solution 
is given in last week’s “ Correspondents’ ” column of this Journal, p. 70. 
irames of Plants.— ^Ve only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Not more than six specimens can be named at 
once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
((7. 1. S.). —1, Verbascum Chaixi; 2, V. punicceum ; 3, Bocconia cordata ; 
4, Thalictrum aquilegifolium ; 5, Heteronoma bifrons ^Brazilian plant) ; 
6, Spiraea, no flowers, possibly chamaedrifolia. (AT. .B). — Spiraea 
corymbosa, introduced into England about the year 1819. (^Normanton). 
—l,Aubrietiapurpurea ; 2, Polemonium coeruleum variegatum ; 3, Eulalia 
japonica ; 4, Antennaria tomentosum ; 5, Aubrietia Hendersoni ; 6, 
Aubrietia graeca. {Enquirer'). —Lysimachia vulgare. {A. M,). —Sper- 
gularia arvensis, the Corn Spurry. {H. M, H.), —1, Veronica decussata 
var. alba ; 2, Inula Helenium ; 3, Epilobium angustifolium album ; 
4, Spiraea Billardi; 5, CEnothera Lamarckiana ; 6, Rose Campion. (An 
Old Subscriber.) —2, Olearia Haasti; 3, Ceanothua azureus ; 4. Mimulus 
cardinalis ; 5, Mesembryanthemum striatum var. roseum ; 6, Viburnum 
lantanoides. {Iloq }.)—Origanum sipyleum. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— July 25th 
Supplies lighter, owing to the rains, with business dull from the rame cause. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
Cherries. 
2 
6 to 5 
6 
Lemons, case . 
10 
0 to 15 
0 
Currants, Black, half sieve 
3 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches, per doz. 
1 
0 
8 
0 
2 
6 
3 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each ,. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Strawberries per lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
vegetables. 
B. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d 
Beaus, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
6 
to 0 
9 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
0 
9 to 
1 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Onions, bushel. 
3 
6 
4 
0 
„ new, bunch .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches ., 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. ., 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
4 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
5 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle ,. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Herbs, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes.per lb. 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE 
PRICES.- 
■OUT FLOWERS—Orchid Blooms in variety. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d 
8. 
d. 
3. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
to 3 
0 
Myosotis or Forget-me- 
Asters (French) per bunch 
0 
9 
1 
0 
nots, dozen bunches .. 
1 
6 to 
2 
0 
Bouvardiaa, bunch .. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Orchids, per dozen blooms. 
3 
0 
12 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ doz. bunches. . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Cornflowers, doz. bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
Orassula. per bunch 
0 
9 
1 
3 
bunches . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Bucharis, dozen. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Pinks, various, doz. bnchs. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Gaillardia, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Poppies, various, dozen 
Gardenias, per dozen 
1 
0 
4 
0 
bunches . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Gladiolus, dozen sprays .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Primula (double), dozen 
Lily of Valley, doz. sprays 
1 
0 
1 
6 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Lilium candidum, dozen 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
bunches' . 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Ditto dozen blooms .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
„ (outdoor), doz. bnchs. 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Lilium longiflorum, per 
„ Tea, white, dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
dozen . 
2. 
0 
4 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
O 
0 
4 
u 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
„ Safrano (English),doz. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
bunches . 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ Mar6ohai Niel, doz. .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Stephan itis, dozen sprays 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Stocks, i.ozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Moss Roses (English), doz. 
Sweet Peas, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
3 
0 
bunches ... 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms, . ,, 
0 
4 
0 
6 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Arbor Vitas (golden) dozen 
6 
0 to 
12 
0 
Hydrangea, per dozen 
9 
Oto 18 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ivy Geraniums. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Lilium auratum. doz. pots 18 
0 
30 
0 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
5 
0 
10 
6 
„ Harris!, per dozen 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Calceolarias, dozen pots ., 
3 
u 
6 
0 
„ lancifolium, dozen 
Orassula, dozen pots.. .. 
12 
0 
30 
0 
pots. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Dracasna terminalis, per 
Lobelia, per dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
dozen. 
18 
0 
42 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
DracEena viridis, dozen .. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ericas, per dozen .. .. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
„ yellow, doz. pots 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Euonvmus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Mignonette, per doz. 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
Perns, in variety, dozen .. 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Musk, per dozen. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
4 
0 
19 
0 
Myrtles, dozen . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
„ (small'i per hundred 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Nasturtiums, per dozen ., 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 
1 
0 
7 
6 
Palms, in var., each .. .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
„ (specimens) .. .. 
Pelargoniums, per dozen.. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Heliotrope, per dozen 
5 
0 
8 
0 
„ scarlet, per doz. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Boots in variety for planting out in boxes or by the dozen. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
George Bunyard & Co., Maidstone.— DescriqHice Catalogue of Roses, 
Bulbs, and Strawberries. 
Laxton Brothers, Bedford.— Illustrated Catalogue of Straivberries 
and Small Fruits, 
Thos. Methven & Sons, 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh.— Catalogue of 
Bulbous Roots for Sjgring Flowering. 
J. Peed k. Sons, Roupell Park Nurseries, West Norwood. — Bulb 
Catalogue, 
CO-OPERATIVE DAIRY FACTORIES. 
Now that the woes of Essex landowners and tenant farmei’s 
have been given such prominence, it seems a suitable time to 
call attention to the situation and its possibilities, to show how 
by judicious co-operation new, if not old tenants, may render 
that forlorn county so prosperous that it may become a pioneer 
in modern agricultural improvement. What is the situation ? 
Thousands of acres of heavy land have ceased to be profitable 
for the cultivation of Wheat. Why ? Because under its burden 
of tithes, rates, and taxes it cannot compete with land in 
foreign countries that is practically free from such burdens. It 
is obvious, therefore, that the land itself is not at fault, and the 
question arises. To what purpose can it be turned profitably? 
The correct answer is plain enough, and as self-evident as 
are the reasons for it. Clay soils form the best pastures, and 
knowing this the Scotch farmers who have migrated from 
Ayrshire to Essex have given preference to the heavy land for 
the production of milk. They have laid it down to temporary, 
not permanent, pasture, under a six or eight years’ shift, so that 
from one-sixth to one-eighth of each farm is ploughed in 
rotation each year. Their leader, Mr. P. McConnell, has told 
us how “ By this means the total amount of actually ploughed 
land is permanently reduced, as for every lea field broken up 
there is one laid down; at the same time, the ‘ vegetable soul ’ of 
the soil is renovated by the formation of a young turf, while the 
weeds disappear more or less.” 
As suggestions ai'e being made just now in a vague and 
misleading manner as to the best mixture of Grasses for Essex 
clays, we give once more Mr. McConnell’s selection of seeds, 
which he has found to answer so well, and which is the outcome 
of several years’ close observation and experiments. The 
quantities per acre are:— 
Perennial Rye Grass 
Italian Rye Grass 
Cocksfoot. 
Timothy.. 
Meadow Foxtail... 
Red Clover (broad) 
Perennial Clover (broad) 
White Clover . 
Alsike Clover .. 
Trefoil (or Lucerne) 
13 Ibi. 
5 
5 
3 
2 
3 
3 
2 
2 
2 
—40 lbs. 
