August 9, 1994. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
141 
and have smooth, dry seeds. The Marrow Pea is the outcome of an 
evolutionary process. Here is concisely the genealogy—1, the common 
gray field Pea ; 2, the small white field Pea, known as Charltons ; 3, the 
larger white early frame Pea; 4, the Blue Prussians, so named from the 
colour of the seeds, these also being slightly larger and a little more 
tender than the preceding ; 5, the Imperials, still larger and more tender, 
with a marrowy texture, and the dry seeds slightly pitted. 6, The 
wrinkled sweet buttery Marrows. We have known persons when 
enjoying Ne Plus Ultra Peas remark how much better they were than 
Marrows, evidently not knowing there are green as well as white forms 
of the type, and in blissful ignorance that they were eating Marrows all 
the time. It is creditable in any person to ask what he does not know 
in connection with his vocation. 
Wintering- Androsace coronoplfolla and Sowing Seeds of 
Perennials {Baiy). —Androsace coronopifolia is a biennial, and it is 
sa’er not to sow seeds until July. Plants from seeds sown in April 
cannot be depended upon to stand the winter, and would be better 
potted and kept under glass than on a south rockery. They should, 
however, stand an ordinary winter at Torquay. Papaver alpinum should 
be sown at once, or may be kept until spring. Anemone pulsatilla, 
A. sulphurea, A. sylvestris, Dodecatheons, and Erythroniums should be 
sown at once in pans, pots, or boxes. They are slow in germinating, 
and the seedlings will hardly appear before next spring. The Dode- 
catheons will germinate very irregularly, and some may not appear 
until late next year, or even the spring of 1896. 
Tomato Xieaves Injured by Ammonlacal Carbonate of 
Copper Solution {Cross). — There is no disease whatever in the 
Tomato leaves. We can only account for the injury from the ammonia 
being of a much greater strength than that used by Mr. Woodcock, 
and recommended on page 70 ; the liquid ammonia of the shops being 
a variable article, ranging from a 2 or 3 per cent, up to 22° (Baum6). 
Ammonia has a disastrous effect on foliage, and being strong a con¬ 
siderable portion would be left over after dissolving the copper, that 
may be the cause of the mischief in your case. Bordeaux mixture 
(half strength), as repeatedly given in the Journal of Horticulture, is 
quite strong enough, and thoroughly efficacious against Tomato fungi. 
Antiblight powder is a preventive of Tomato fungi attacks, but a weak 
Bordeaux mixture adheres better to the foliage, and is the same thing 
as antiblight when dry—lime and a small portion of copper. The 
peculiarity of the leaves which arrived as we are preparing for press is 
possibly accidental—a freak of Nature. 
Packing- Grapes to Travel liong Distances {Enquirer ).— 
The chief thing is to pack firmly, so that the Grapes cannot 
move about. Boxes are preferable to baskets, and should always be 
closely and well filled. The depth of the box, also its width, will 
be determined by the size of the bunch or bunches, but need not 
exceed 5 inches in depth. A little sweet, clean dry moss or wood 
wool should be placed at the bottom of the box, then several sheets 
of thin (tissue) paper placed over that, lining the box with paper, 
and one-half the top sheets hanging free for the purpose of being 
folded over when the box is filled. The bunches should be laid in 
the box as cut, beginning at one end, placing them with the stalks 
upwards, as closely together as they can be, and keeping them well up 
to allow for settling. The larger the box the greater the care required. 
When the box seems full a slight shaking whilst holding it a little on 
one side will cause the bunches to settle down still closer, when one or 
more bunches can be added, or if not room for them, tissue paper may 
be placed in the hollow, and that filled with cotton wool. After filling 
the box the paper is folded over the top of the Grapes, and all the 
vacant spaces between the paper and the sides of the box filled with 
packing material. Nothing but the paper is placed on the Grapes when 
they quite fill the box, but if flat and too low a sheet or two of cotton 
wool may be placed over the paper. The lid is then screwed down. Such 
Grapes will travel safely to any part of the world if placed in another 
package, so that the box cannot get thumped and jolted about. Cotton 
wool or any packing substance should never be used next the Grapes. 
Vine Foliage Ripening Prematurely {Six-years Suiscriier), 
—Though we have received several samples of leaves similarly affected 
to yours we are not able to connect the appearance with anything but 
“ rust,” and rusted they are, but with something worse than cold 
currents of air or sudden depressions of temperature. The leaves are 
covered closely with small raised growths, which you will notice readily 
with the naked eye, and here and there are small black dots, less than 
a pin’s head in size, with some much larger. From some of these black 
dots outgrowths appear of the very common fungus, Aspergillus glaucus. 
This fungus was noted in this Journal as being found on similarly 
affected leaves in the spring, but could not, or is it now, be connected 
with the disease. The black dots have been caused by mites ; these 
produced the “ rust ” and the premature ripening of the leaves. What 
the fungus wanted there in the spring or early summer time is not 
clear ; possibly to live on the extravasated juices. What became of the 
mites is a mystery, but the black dots the size of a pin’s head are really 
dead bodies of an insect carnivorous on the mites, and that accounts for 
there being no hairs (erineum) and no galls formed—that is, the insect 
cleared them all away, and then something else happened. These 
creatures died in the down, and the fungus drained their bodies and 
formed sclerotia from which the fungus is reappeared on the decayed 
parts of the leaves where there was sufficient moisture. You may see 
the subjects described with an ordinary microscope; indeed, the dead 
insects can be seen with a good pocket lens, but you will need a micro¬ 
scope to distinguish the fungus properly. We do not think the Vines 
will be materially injured for another year, but the premature ripening 
of the foliage in the case of the Gros Colman will probably tell disas¬ 
trously on next year’s crop. Collect all the leaves as they fall and 
burn them, and when they are all down and the Grapes cut wash the 
Vines with a solution of sulphate of iron, half a pound to a gallon of 
water, applying with a brush. It would also be desirable to remove an 
inch or so of the surface soil, taking it clean away, and supply fresh 
loam in its place; We sympathise with you, yet think you may take 
courage, as mites seldom attack Vines in this country, which we think 
is due to the carnivorous creature clearing them out quickly. The 
whole question is much involved in mystery—that is, lack of knowledge, 
and “^authorities ” are not by any means clear on many points in the 
life history of mites. 
KTames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss, soft green grass, or leaves form the best 
packing, dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named 
at once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
{Old Subscriber). — 1, Maurandya semperflorens; 2, Lasiandra 
macrantha: 3, Hydrangea paniculata ; 4, Hieracium aurantiacum; 
6, Campanula dubla; 6, Kerria japonica variegata. {D. B.).— 
Oncidium macranthum. {H. G.). —laelia elegans. {Ignoramusf — 
The p’ant, which was given as being “ not identified ” last 
week, is Dracocephalum fruticulosum. {F. J.). —The shrub is a Berberis, 
but the species cannot be recognised without flowers. The other flower 
is Epilobium angustifolium. {A. B.). —Hieracium pilosella ; the only 
means of eradicating it is by digging up the weed. {Reader). —Prunus 
padus (the Bird Cherry) ; the Apple is the French Crab. 
OOVENT GARDEN 
MARKET.—August 8th. 
Banx Holiday week. Trade disorganised. 
FRUIT, 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d 
2 
6 
to 5 
6 
LfiTTinna, casp . 
10 
0 to 15 
0 
Currants, Black, half sieve 
3 
0 
3 
6 
Peaches, per doz. 
1 
0 
8 
0 
2 
0 
2 
6 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Strawberries per lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES, 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
6 
to 0 
9 
Mushrooms, punnet .. ,. 
0 
9 
to 1 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Onions, bushel. 
3 
6 
4 
0 
„ new, buncb .. .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
4 
6 
Cole-worts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
5 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle ,. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel ,, .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes.per lb. 
0 
4 
0 
8 
n 
» 
1 
0 
Tiirnins. bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE 
BRICES.- 
CUT FLOWERS—Orchid Blooms in variety. 
s. 
d. 
B. 
d 
8. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
1 
6 
to 3 
0 
Orchids, per dozen blooms. 
3 
0 to 12 
0 
Asters (French) per b-.mch 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms .. 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
„ doz. bunches.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
bunches. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Cornflowers, doz. bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Pinks, various, doz. bnchs. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Poppies, various, dozen 
Gaillardia, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
bunches. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Gardenias, per dozen 
1 
0 
4 
0 
Primula (double), dozen 
Gladiolus, dozen sprays .. 
0 
9 
1 
6 
sprays . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Lily of Valley, doz. sprays 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium longiflorum, per 
Boses (indoor), dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
dozen. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ (outdoor), doz. bnchs. 
3 
0 
8 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen ., .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
„ Safrano (English),doz. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
., Mardchal Niel, doz... 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Moss Roses (English), doz. 
Stephan ->tis, dozen sprays 
1 
0 
2 
0 
bunches. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Stocks, t.ozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Myosotis or Forget-me- 
Sweet Peas, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
3 
0 
nots, dozen bunches .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms., .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
Arbor Vitse (golden) dozen 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Hydrangea, per dozen 
9 
Oto 18 
0 
Arum Lilies, per dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ivy Geraniums. 
4 
0 
b 
0 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Lilium. auratum. doz. pots 12 
0 
18 
0 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
5 
0 
10 
6 
„ Harrisi, per dozen 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Calceolarias, dozen pots .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
„ lancifolium, dozen 
Dracaena terminalis, per 
pots. 
9 
0 
15 
0 
dozen. 
18 
0 
42 
0 
Lobelia, per dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Dracaena viridis, dozen .. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Ericas, per dozen .. .. 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
„ yellow, doz. pots 
6 
0 
10 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Mignonette, per doz. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles, dozen. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
„ (small'i per hundred 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Nasturtiums, per dozen .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 
1 
0 
7 
6 
Palms, in var.. each ,. .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
0 
„ (specimens) .. .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums, per dozen,. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Heliotrope, per dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„ scarlet, per doz. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
