August 16, 1894. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
165 
on this place a layer of bones 6 inches thick, and cover them entirely 
with wood ashes; on these another 6 inches of bones, then ashes, 
and so on until full. Leave the hogshead or barrel all summer and 
winter exposed to the rains, and in twelve months the bones will 
crumble to powder under a slight pressure and form a valuable manure, 
especially for fruit trees. Fermented bones are easily prepared by 
mixing raw bones with clay, forming into a heap, using about equal 
proportions of clay and bones, watering the mixture with urine or stable 
drainings, protecting the heap from rain by a covering of damp clay, 
but otherwise exposed to the atmosphere, the stable drainings being 
poured in through holes at the top. In a few months they will be 
sufficiently cooked. This forms an excellent top-dressing. 
Trees for Screen (IF. G. Clements ).—As the ground is good garden 
mould it will need little preparation, but the trees would grow much 
better if it were trenched, all perennial weeds extracted, and the roots 
of trees carefully removed. As you want a screen quickly you could not 
do better than plant Lombardy Poplar about 4 feet from the corrugated 
iron fence and 8 feet distance apart, having a double row — that is, 
another row 4 feet from the first, placing the trees so that they will be 
what is generally termed quincunx, or the trees in the second row 
opposite the vacancy between the other trees. In the vacancies 
between the trees in these rows you can plant Hazel and Blackthorn 
for underwood. In the third row you may put in an Oak or an Elm at 
20 feet apart, midway of that distance a Scotch Fir, and Larch or Hazel 
between those. The next row may be formed of Larch 8 feet apart and 
a Blackthorn or Hazel between the Larches. In the fifth row place 
Scotch Fir in the opening between those in the first line where they 
occur, midway of their distance a Norway Spruce, and fill the spaces 
between with Larch, or Hazel, or Blackthorn. In the sixth row plant 
the Hornbeam and Birch 20 feet apart, with Blackthorn and Hazel bet ween, 
Austrian Pine midway of the distances, or the Sallow can be used instead 
of the Pines, or that could be kept for the front row with Laburnum and 
double Thorn at 10 feet apart, planting common Laurel between them. 
The Apple trees would be best removed, so as to give the plantation trees 
a start. We have taken your trees into consideration. Another plan is 
to employ Lombardy Poplar, 5 feet apart and 3 feet from the iron fence. 
The Poplars can be beheaded or cut as required, as also could Limes, so 
as to form a screen of any height. In the next line, 5 feet from the 
Poplars or Limes, plant Scotch Fir and Larch 10 feet apart, with a 
Hazel or Blackthorn between each. In the next line place the Oak, 
Elm, and Hornbeam 20 feet apart, midway of their distance a common 
Holly, filling up with Hazel and Blackthorn. The next row can be 
plant^ with Larch to cut when of stake and rail size, and form the 
path. In the next row place the Birch opposite the openings in the 
line of trees of Oak, Elm, and Hornbeam, 20 feet apart, placing a Holly 
midway of two trees, and fill up with Hazel and Blackthorn. On the 
outer line have Sallow, with Laburnum and Double Scarlet Thorn, 
20 feet apart, midway of the distance between the Birch in the next 
line, and fill in the spaces with flowering shrubs, say Snowball, Lilac, 
and Mock Orange at 10 feet apart, or one between two trees of Sallow, 
and place common Laurel between the flowering shrubs and Sallow. 
This will give you the shady walk, a thick belt, and plenty of stakes, 
especially if you use Hazel instead of Blackthorn. Use strong trees, 
well rooted, and recently transplanted, otherwise young examples are 
best. All the rows and plants in the latter arrangement are 5 feet 
apart, which is better in the end. 
Resting: Cattleyas (X. Y. Z .).—You must encourage your plants 
of 0. Mossias to complete the growth they have recently started from the 
base of the pseudo-bulbs. These growths must have been on the verge 
of issuing forth before you wrote to us ; but even had this not been the 
case it is too early in the season to commence resting this variety of 
Cattleya. This season’s growth could not have been thoroughly 
developed if made after the plants flowered in May and June, their 
usual time of flowering. The growth of the plant is not fully developed 
when the pseudo-bulb has been made and the flower sheath appears. It 
requires further development, which is not accomplished by subjecting 
the plants to rest, but by light and heat, a circulation of air, and a 
moderately liberal supply of moisture in the atmosphere and at the 
roots of the plants until the pseudo-bulb becomes firm. This treatment 
results in fine flowers, but the reverse those of small size, which are 
certain to be deficient in colour and substance. By resting your plant 
directly the pseudo-bulbs seem to be completed and the sheath appears, 
as was the case when you wrote to us, you prevent the plant making 
roots, which will end sooner or later in weakened growth and enfeebled 
health, and finally death. The production of back growths from the old 
pseudo-bulbs and a second from the leader displays to us that your 
plants are doing well, and you will be the gainer rather than the loser 
even if your plant failed to flower for one season. By destroying these 
growths or preventing them pushing by prematurely resting the plant 
you render it incapable of increasing its size or the number of flowering 
pseudo-bulbs. Orchid growers would willingly forego the flowers for a 
season to increase the number of leads or breaks of their plants. Your 
plants are growing slightly out of their season, but when plants are 
healthy they not unfrequently do this. We have a good number in the 
same condition, both of imported plants of last spring and the previous 
summer, but instead of trying to prevent their starting we are pleased to 
think they have broken so freely into growth. As they will grow longer 
they must be rested a little later in the spring than those plants that 
complete their growth earlier in the season. The principal object is to 
ripen these growths as thoroughly as possible, and then if the rest is 
short let it be complete by a slightly lower temperature than that given 
to the earlier ones, the atmosphere a little drier, and the plants given 
less water at their roots. If you do this, then start the plants into 
growth, and push them on in a little warmer temperature, or place them 
at the warmest end of the house—the position they should occupy now 
—they will grow with greater regularity, and the following autumn 
you will not regret the second growths having started. 
ITames of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss, soft green grass, or leaves form the best 
packing, dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named 
at once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(jJ. Bounds ).—The varieties sent are certainly distinct. {^Amateur ).— 
1, Asplenium bulbiferum ; 2, Nephrolepis exaltata; 3, Adiantum 
pubescens. Several packages of specimens reached us just at the time 
of going to press, and must be answered in the next issue. 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET.— August 15th. 
Business still quiet, with no recovery from the holidays. 
FRUIT. 
3. d. 
8. d. 
Currants, Black, half sieve 3 0, to 3 6 
„ Red, „ 2 0 ' 2 6 
Grapes, per lb.0 6 16 
Lemons, case .10 0 15 0 
Peaches, per doz. .. 
Plums, half sieve .. 
St. Michael Pines, each 
Strawberries per lb, .. 
s. d. 8. d. 
1 0 to 6 0 
16 3 8 
2 0 6 0 
0 0 0 0 
8. d. 
VEGETABLES. 
8. d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 6 to 
0 9 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
1 0 
0 0 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 3 
0 4 
„ new, bunch .. .. 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
0 9 
1 0 
1 6 
3 0 
Celery, bundle . 
1 0 
1 3 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
2 0 
4 0 
Cucumbers, dozen .. ,. 
1 6 
3 0 
Endive, dozen .. .. .. 
1 3 
1 6 
Herbs, bunch . 
0 3 
0 0 
Leeks, bunch .. .. .. 
0 2 
0 0 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 9 
1 0 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE 
PRICES.—OU' 
8. d. 
s. d 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
1 6 to 
3 0 
Asparagus Fern, per bunch 
1 0 
2 6 
Asters (.French) per bunch 
0 6 
1 0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
0 6 
1 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
0 6 
1 6 
„ doz. bunches.. 
2 0 
4 0 
Cornflowers, doz. bunches 
1 0 
2 0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
1 6 
3 0 
Gaillardia, dozen bunches 
1 0 
2 0 
Gardenias, per dozen 
1 0 
4 0 
Gladiolus, dozen sprays .. 
0 9 
1 6 
Lilium longiflorum, per 
dozen . 
1 6 
3 0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches. 
4 0 
6 0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches ,. 
1 6 
3 0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
1 0 
3 0 
Myosotis or Forget-me- 
nots, dozen bunches ., 
1 6 
2 0 
Orchids, per dozen blooms. 
3 0 
12 0 
Pansies, dozen bunches .. 
1 0 
2 0 
PLANTS 
B. d. 
8. d. 
8. d. 8. d. 
0 9 to 1 0 
2 0 0 
Mushrooms, punnet .. 
Mustard and Oress, punnet 0 
Onions, bushel. 3 6 4 0 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 2 0 3 0 
Parsnips, dozen.10 0 0 
Potatoes, per cwt. 2 0 4 8 
Salsafy, bundle.10 15 
Scorzonera, bundle .... 16 00 
Shallots, per lb. 0 3 0 0 
Spinach, bushel ...... 16 30 
Toma toes, per lb.02 04 
Turnips, bunch. 0 3 0 4 
FLOWERS.—Orchid Blooms in variety. 
8. d. s. d. 
4 0 to 6 0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
bunches. 
Pinks, various, doz. bnchs. 
Poppies, various, dozen 
bunches. 
Primula (double), dozen 
sprays . 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
„ (outdoor), doz. bnchs. 
„ Tea, white, dozen 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
„ Safrano (English),doz. 
., Mardchal Nisi, doz... 
Smilax, per bunch .. .. 
Stephan itis, dozen sprays 
Stocks, c.ozen bunches 
Sweet Peas, dozen bunches 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms,. .. 
2 0 
1 0 
0 6 
0 6 
3 0 
0 6 
3 0 
1 0 
0 
0 
6 
6 
0 
0 
0 
4 
4 0 
3 0 
1 0 
1 0 
6 0 
1 0 
8 0 
2 0 
0 6 
Arbor Vitse (golden) dozen 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
Balsams, per dozen .. .. 
Calceolarias, dozen pots .. 
Cockscombs, per dozen .. 
Coleus, per dozen .. .. 
Dracaena terminalis, dozen 
Dracaena viridis, dozen .. 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
„ (small'i per hundred 
Ficus elastica, each .. 
Foliage plants, var., each 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. 
Heliotrope, per dozen 
6 0tol2 0 
18 0 36 0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 0 
2 0 
10 6 
6 0 
6 0 
4 0 
4 0 
42 0 
24 0 
18 0 
24 0 
If* 0 
8 0 
7 6 
10 0 
6 0 
6 0 
IN POTS. 
8 . 
Hydrangea, per dozen .. 9 
Ivy Geraniums.4 
Lilium auratum. doz. pots 12 
„ Harrisi, per dozen 12 
„ lancifolium, dozen 
pots. 
Lobelia, per dozen .. .. 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
„ yellow, doz. pots 
Mignonette, per doz. 
Myrtles, dozen .6 
Nasturtiums, per dozen ,. 1 
Palms, in var.. each .. .. 1 
„ (specimens) .. ..21 
Pelargoniums, per dozen.. 6 
„ scarlet, per doz. 2 
d. 8. d. 
OtolS 0 
0 6 0 
0 18 0 
0 24 0 
15 0 
4 0 
4 0 
12 0 
10 0 
6 0 
9 0 
4 0 
15 0 
63 0 
12 0 
4 0 
THE FLOCK. 
Under the remarkable advance in the price of home-bred 
sheep and lambs the enlargement for breeding of small flocks 
generally is probable, and there ought also to be a clearance of 
