August 23, 1894. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
189 
over it 1 gallon of boiling water to every 4 ozs. Cover with a cloth, let 
stand until cool, then strain, and dip the point of every shoot in the 
decoction, making sure that all the parts are wetted. If the insects be 
on the under side of the leaves, lay the plants on their sides over a 
vessel or tray and syringe them with the tobacco water on the under side, 
turning over so as to reach every part. 
Tree Carnations Infested with IVIaggot ( II. El) —There was 
no maggot in the one shoot, but in the other was a pupa. It is that of 
the two-winged fly—not unlike a house fly, only smaller in body— 
Hylemia nigrescens. The only remedy is to pick out the maggot with a 
needle or a pin, and to prevent the fly laying its eggs in the centre of 
the growth the plants should be sprayed with petroleum emulsion in 
May and June at intervals of a fortnight to three weeks. 
Cattleya lahlata (IF. T.). —Newly imported plants of this or any 
other Orchid are not to be relied on to always grow or flower at 
the proper season. Among a number of imported plants of this 
species, received in April of this year, we have several in sheath, while 
others have growths little more than an inch in length, although they 
are all growing side by side in the same house. In several cases the 
large and small growths may be seen on the same plant. These vagaries 
are difficult to account for, but generally disappear after a few seasons, 
when the plants settle down to their annual routine of life, as induced 
by the growing and resting seasons provided for them in the Orchid 
houses. 
Carnations Diseased (A. H. E.). — The sprays are slightly 
affected with “ spot ” fungus (Septoria dianthi), which is just pushing 
here and there minute growths through the epidermis, in the centres of 
the spots. These are the fruiting conceptacles, which, when ripe, will 
open at the apex and liberate an immense number of spores. The best 
remedy would be to remove all the spotted leaves at once, and burn 
them ; but if numbers are affected, removing the leaves may make the 
plants too bare and weaken them too much, and other measures must 
be adopted. As the filaments are within the leaves, the conceptacles 
must push through the epidermis before you can assail them effectively, 
and it is best done by spraying with Bordeaux mixture, or you may 
sponge the plants with permanganate of potash (Condy’s fluid), either 
neat, or preferably diluted with an equal quantity of water. This will 
destroy the spores, and passing into the ruptured parts will prevent the 
production of more. Afford the plants a light position, keep water from 
the foliage, and give abundance of air, for the fungus develops in damp 
muggy weather, and by thorough cleanliness, removing all bad leaves 
and providing a free circulation of air, it will either be prevented or 
checked in advance. 
Repotting- Orchids (IF. 71).—The best time to repot Cymbidiums 
Lowianum and eburneum is directly the flowers are past, usually about 
the end of April or the beginning of May. Should the plants have 
suffered much from the strain of flowering it would be advisable to 
keep them in a shady position in a warm moist house for a fortnight 
previous to repotting, syringing occasionally with tepid water. This 
will renew the energy of the plants, and enable them to withstand the 
slight check which is unavoidable in repotting. Plants that are 
unhealthy through growing in a sour waterlogged compost may safely 
and with advantage be repotted at any season of the year, provided the 
roots are not unduly disturbed, and water is afterwards judiciously 
applied. The answer to your second query depends entirely upon the 
class of material used for the basis of the compost. In districts where 
good peat is scarce and difficult to obtain growers frequently use such 
aubstitutes as the blackish fibry material found under coniferous trees or 
the dried fronds of the common Polypodium (P. vulgare). This is not 
so lasting as good peat fibre, and Orchids grown in it need repotting 
oftener than would be the case if the latter material was used. As long 
as the compost is in such a condition that the water passes freely through 
it, and the drainage is in good order, repotting is not necessary, but a 
light top-dressing in late autumn will be found of great assistance to 
the plants. On the other hand, should the compost be found in a close 
and sour condition at the usual season for repotting them no time should 
be lost in transferring the plants to a more suitable rooting medium. 
Generally speaking once in two years is often enough to repot small 
plants ; large specimens may with advantage be left in the same pots 
for three or even four seasons, removing a little of the surface compost 
annually, and replacing this with fresh sphagnum, peat fibre, and 
potsherds. 
frames of Fruits. — Notice. —We have pleasure in naming good 
typical fruits (when the names are discoverable) for the convenience of 
regular subscribers, who are the growers of such fruit, and not col¬ 
lectors of specimens from non-subscribers. This latter procedure is 
wholly irregular, and we trust that none of our readers will allow 
themselves to be made the mediums in infringing our rules. Special 
attention is directed to the following decision, the object of which is 
to discourage the growth of inferior and promote the culture of superior 
varieties. In consequence of the large number of worthless Apples and, 
Pears sent to this office to be named, it has been decided to name only 
specimens and varieties of approved merit, and to reject the inferior, 
which are not worth sending or growing. The names and addresses of 
senders of fruit to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the 
specimens, whether letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or 
not. The names are not necessarily required for publication, initials 
sufficing for that. Only six specimens can be named at once, and any 
beyond that number cannot be preserved. They should be sent on the 
first indication of change towards ripening . Dessert Pears cannot be 
named in a hard green state. (A. H. L.).—l, English Codlin ; 2, Irish 
Peach ; 3, Possibly Gloria Mundi, but not sufficiently developed for 
positive identification, (i?. G. L. .B.).—Red Astrachan, small fruit. 
M'ames of Plants.— We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss, soft green grass, or leaves form the best 
packing, dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named 
at once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(J. B.).—!, Selaginella csesia ; 2, Eondeletia americana ; 3, possibly a 
Celsia, specimen totally insufficient ; 4, Bocconia cordata ; 5, Ophio- 
pogon jaburan variegatus ; 6, Eulalia japonica variegata. {J. J. <?.). 
—Prunella vulgaris. It is perfectly harmless. {J. F.).—1, Hmman- 
thus tigrinus ; 2, a Rondeletia, too withered to identify species. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.—AvauST 22 nd. 
Market heavily supplied, with slow trade. 
FRUIT. 
B. d. 
8. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Apples, per half sieve .... 
1 6 
to 2 
6 
Peaches, per doz.1 
0 to 
6 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
0 6 
1 
6 
Plums, half sieve ., .. 1 
6 
3 
6 
Filberts, per 100 lbs. 
20 0 
25 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 2 
0 
6 
0 
Lemous, case . 
10 0 
15 
0 
Strawberries per lb.0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
B. d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 2 
to 0 
3 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 0 
9 to 
1 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
1 0 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 
2 
0 
0 
Oarrots, bunch. 
0 3 
0 
4 
Onions, bushel.3 
6 
4 
0 
„ new, bunch .. .. 
0 9 
1 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
1 6 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen.1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery, bundle . 
1 0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt.2 
0 
4 
8 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 
2 0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle.1 
0 
1 
5 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
1 6 
3 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. ,. 1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 3 
1 
6 
Shallots, per lb.0 
3 
0 
0 
Herbs, bunch .. .. .. 
0 3 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel.. .. .. 1 
e 
3 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes.per lb.0 
2 
0 
4 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch.0 
3 
0 
4 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE 
PRICES.- 
GUT FLOWERS.—Orchid Blooms in variety. 
s. d. 
8. 
d. 
8. d. 
8. 
d 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
1 6 
to 3 
0 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 3 
0tol2 
0 
Asparagus Fern, per bunch 
1 0 
2 
6 
Pansies, dozen bunches ., 1 
0 
2 
0 
Asters (EugUsh; doz. bunch 
3 0 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 4 
0 
6 
0 
„ (French) per bunch 
0 6 
1 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
Bouvardias, bunch .. ,. 
0 6 
1 
0 
bunches.2 
0 
4 
0 
Carnations, 12 blooms ., 
0 6 
1 
6 
Pinks, various, doz. bnchs. 1 
0 
3 
0 
„ doz. bunches.. 
2 0 
4 
0 
Poppies, various, dozen 
Chrysanthemums „ 
3 0 
9 
0 
bunches.0 
6 
1 
0 
„ doz. blooms 
0 6 
1 
0 
Primula (double), dozen 
Cornflowers, doz. bunches 
1 0 
2 
0 
sprays . 0 
6 
1 
0 
Dahlias „ 
2 0 
4 
0 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 2 
0 
4 
0 
Eucharis, dozen .. .. ., 
1 6 
3 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 0 
6 
1 
0 
Gaillardia, dozen bunches 
1 0 
2 
0 
„ (outdoor), doz. bnchs. 3 
0 
8 
0 
Gardenias, per dozen 
1 0 
4 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen •. 0 
6 
1 
6 
Gladiolus, dozen sprays .. 
0 9 
1 
6 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 2 
0 
4 
0 
Lilium longlflorum, per 
„ Safrano (English),doz. 1 
0 
2 
0 
dozen . 
1 6 
3 
0 
., Mar6chal Niel, doz... 1 
6 
4 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
Smilax, per bunch .. .. 1 
« 
3 
0 
bunches. 
4 0 
6 
0 
Stephan itis, dozen sprays 1 
0 
2 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
1 6 
3 
0 
Stocks, cozen bunches .. 2 
0 
4 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
1 0 
3 
0 
Sweet Peas, dozen bunches 1 
0 
2 
0 
Myosotis or Forget-me- 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms,. .. 0 
4 
0 
6 
nots, dozen bunches .. 
1 6 
2 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
B. d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Arbor Vitae (golden) dozen 
6 0tol2 
0 
Hydrangea, per dozen ,. 9 
Oto 18 
0 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
18 0 
36 
0 
Ivy Geraniums.4 
0 
6 
0 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
5 0 
10 
6 
Lilium auratum, doz. pots 12 
0 
18 
0 
Balsams per dozen .. ,, 
3 0 
6 
0 
„ Harrisi, per dozen 12 
0 
24 
0 
Calceolarias, dozen pots .. 
3 0 
6 
0 
„ lancifolium, dozen 
Cockscombs, per dozen .. 
3 0 
4 
0 
pots ..9 
0 
15 
0 
Coleus, per dozen .. .. 
2 0 
4 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 3 
0 
4 
0 
Dracaena terminalis, dozen 
18 0 
42 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 6 
0 
12 
0 
Dracaena viridis, dozen .. 
9 0 
24 
0 
„ yellow, doz. pots 6 
0 
10 
0 
Euonvmus, var., dozen .. 
6 0 
18 
0 
Mignonette, per doz. 3 
0 
6 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 0 
24 
0 
Myrtles, dozen.6 
0 
9 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen ,. 
4 0 
19 
0 
Nasturtiums, per dozen .. 1 
6 
4 
0 
„ (small') per hundred 
4 0 
6 
0 
Palms, in var., each .. .. 1 
0 
15 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 
1 0 
7 
6 
„ (specimens) .. ..21 
0 
63 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 0 
10 
0 
Pelargoniums, per dozen.. 6 
0 
12 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. 
3 0 
6 
0 
„ scarlet, per doz. 2 
0 
4 
0 
Heliotrope, per dozen .. 
3 0 
6 
0 
AUTUMN TILLAGE. 
Thorough, seasonable, systematic tillage is the basis of 
good husbandry, a superstructure upon which rests every other 
detail of culture, successful cropping being more dependant 
upon it than upon the weather—we may go even farther than 
this, and say that in a very high degree it renders us practically 
independent of weather. By the term seasonable we mean 
