September 13,1894. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
261 
Rose Cuttings (^Amateur'). —You are right in saying that the 
cuttings are often inserted too late in the year. The following note 
by a successful grower will exactly answer your question :—If cuttings 
of half-ripened wood are taken off with the foliage attached, cut into 
lengths of two or three joints, and inserted in sandy soil before they 
flag, nearly every one of some kinds will root. Tae cuttings should 
be inserted in hand-lights placed in a shady positi )n, and the top eye 
only left above the soil. After insertion a good watering should be 
given, and the hand-lights kept as airtight as possible. In about a month 
they will be well rooted, and may be carefully lifted and placed singly 
into 4-inch pots. If encouraged to grow under glass afeerwards they 
will become well established before the winter, and will make excellent 
plants the following season, whether they are planted out or kept in 
pots. Such kinds as Gloire de Djjon, William Allen Richardson, and 
others of similar growth will, if well grown under glass the following 
season and p’aced as they need it into 8 and 10-inch pots, make good 
plants for forcing the following spring. Nearly all Tea Roses do well 
grown in pots, which is advisable if required for flowering under glass. 
Hybrid Perpetuals do better, and make greater progress if planted out in 
the spring in deeply dug and liberally manured ground. Many Teas and 
Hybrid Teas grown under glass the whole of the first season will give a 
bountiful supply of blooms in the autumn, when they are scarce outside, 
and often prove as valuable as if produced during the spring months. 
Horse ZMCusbrooms (ff. R. B.'). —The specimens sent are fine 
examples of the Horse Mushroom (Agaricus arvensis). This fungus is 
nearly allied to the common Mushroom, and has a dome-shaped pileus, 
bell-shaped in youth, expanding in maturity, generally of a pure white 
colour and cottony texture, but losing its downy appearance in age ; 
and a veil consisting of a double membrane, thick, woolly, falling from 
the edge of the pileus, and hanging loosely round the stem ; the gills are 
free, pale pinkish brown, becoming darker as they get older ; the stem is 
cylindrical, the cavity filled with cottony pith. The flesh turns yellow 
when bruised. Occasionally the pileus is tinged with brown. It 
attains a large size. Authorities are at variance as to the manner of its 
growth. Mr. Berkeley describes it as growing in rings, and Mrs. Hussey 
does not number it among those addicted to circular growth. When it 
does grow in rings they are of a very large size indeed, and as they are 
seldom perfect it is easy to overlook the relation which one group has to 
another. Fields and woods are the habitats of this Mushroom ; those 
growing in the former are the most wholesome. They should not be 
taken in the button stage like the A. campestris, but are in perfection 
just as the veil has broken away from the pileus, and the bell-shape is 
merging into the dome. In this stage, and later if free from larvae, the 
Mushroom is excellent fried or stewed, and for this purpose is sold in 
Covent Garden Market. It is one of the best Mushrooms for making 
ketchup, its large size being a great desideratum in this matter. 
Hames of Fruits.— Notice. —We have pleasure in naming good 
typical fruits (when the names are discoverable) for the convenience of 
regular subscribers, who are the growers of such fruit, and not col¬ 
lectors of specimens from non-subscribers. This latter procedure is 
wholly irregular, and we trust that none of our readers will allow 
themselves to be made the mediums in infringing our rules. Special 
attention is directed to the following decision, the object of which is 
to discourage the growth of inferior and promote the culture of superior 
varieties. In consequence of the large number of worthless Afples and 
Pears sent to this office to he named, it has been decided to name only 
specimens and varieties of approved merit, and to reject the inferior, 
which are not worth sending or growing. The names and addresses of 
senders of fruit to be named must in all cases- be enclosed with the 
specimens, whether letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or 
not. The names are not necessarily required for publication, initials 
suflficing for that. Only six specimens can be named at once, and any 
beyond that number cannot be preserved. They should be sent on the 
first indication of change towards ripening. Dessert Pears cannot be 
named in a hard green state. fH, H .').—1, Unrecognisable from the 
poor specimen sent ; 2, Denbigh ; 3, Yellow Magnum Bonum ; 4, the 
fruit sent of this was rotten, and it could not be named from the shoot 
alone ; 5, Blue Perdrigon ; 6, Grand Duke. (IF. N.)—1, The Plum The 
Czar. (iT. G.'). —1, If the Pear ripens in ten days or a fortnight it is Beurr6 
d’Amanlis. (IF. L.j. —Kindly read the reference to naming Plums in our 
last issue. The varieties sent are probably—1, Black Diamond ; 2, 
Victoria. (5. G.j. —1, Devonshire Quarrenden ; 2, Duchess of Olden¬ 
burg ; 3, Worcester Pearmain. The Pears are not sufficiently matured 
for identification. 
Hames of Plants.—We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss, soft green grass, or leaves form the best 
packing, dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be name! 
at once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(^Flower Gardener"). —1, Sedum spectabile ; 2, Helianthus rigidus; 
3, Asters are florists’ flowers, which can only be named by comparison. 
(M. G. R .).—The Cattleya sent is a very good form of Harrisoni. 
(^Amateur). —1, Adiantum pubescens ; 2, Pteris cretica albo-lineata ; 
3, Asplenium bulbiferum ; 4, Davallia Mooreana; o, Nephrolepis 
exaltata ; 6, Selaginella cmsia. (F. 6*.).—1, Helenium pumilum ; 
2, Rudbeckia New manni; 3, Aster bessarabicus ; 4, Heuchera sanguinea ; 
5, Monarda didyma ; 6, Anemone japonica. 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. —Septembeu 12th, 
Tqe supply of goods has been lighter the past week, and prices have been firmer. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Apples, per half sieve .... 
1 
6 
to 2 
6 
Peaches, per doz. .. .. 
Grapes, per lb. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Plums, half sieve .. ,. 
Cobs per 100 lbs. 
25 
0 
0 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
Lemons, case .. .. .. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
Strawberries per lb. 
VEGETABLES. 
a. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. ., 
0 
2 
to 0 
3 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
Carrots, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Onions, bushel. 
„ new, bunch ., .. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
Coleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle. 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Scorzonera, bundle .. .. 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots, per lb. 
Herbs, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel. 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes.per lb. 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch. 
AVERAQE WHOLESALE PRIOES.—OUT FLOWERS.—Orchid Blooms in variety. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
8. 
1 
d. 
6 to 
B. 
3 
d. 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
Asparagus Fern, per bunch 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
Asters (English) doz. bunch 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Pansies, dozen bunches ,. 
„ (French) per bunch 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
Bouvardias, bunch ., .. 
Carnations, 12 blooms 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, doz. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
bunches. 
„ doz. bunches.. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Poppies, various, dozen 
Chrysanthemums „ 
3 
0 
9 
0 
bunches. 
„ doz. blooms 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Primula (double), dozen 
Cornflowers, doz. bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
sprays . 
Dahlias „ 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 
Eucharis, dozen. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
Gaillardia, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ (outdoor), doz. bnohs. 
Gardenias, per dozen .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen 
Gladiolus, dozen sprays ,. 
0 
9 
1 
6 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
„ Safrauo (English),doz. 
Lavender, dozen bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium lancifoiium, dozen 
blooms . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
., Mareohal Niel, doz. .. 
Smilax, per bunch .. .. 
Lilium longiSorum, dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Stephanotis, dozen sprays 
Stocks, dozen bunches .. 
Sunflowers, various, dozen 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches . 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
bunches . 
Myosotis or Forget-me- 
nots, dozen bunches ,. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Sweet Peas, dozen bunches 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms,. .. 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
d. 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
Cockscombs, per dozen .. 
Ooleus, per dozen .. .. 
Dracaena terminalis, dozen 
Dracaena viridis, dozen .. 
Buonymus, var., dozen .. 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
,, (small'i per hundred 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 
Foliage plants, var., each 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. 
Heliotrope, per dozen 
Hydrangea, per dozen 
8 . 
d. 
s. 
6 
0 to 12 
18 
0 
36 
5 
0 
10 
3 
0 
4 
2 
0 
4 
18 
0 
42 
9 
0 
24 
6 
0 
18 
6 
0 
24 
4 
0 
1 ? 
4 
0 
6 
1 
0 
7 
2 
0 
10 
3 
0 
6 
3 
0 
6 
9 
0 
18 
„ lancifoiium, dozen 
pots. 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
„ yellow, doz. pots 
Mignonette, per doz. 
Myrtles, dozen .6 
Nasturtiums, per dozen .. 
Palms, in var., each .. . 
„ (specimens) .. .. 
Pelargoniums, per dozen., 
„ scarlet, per doz 
s. d. 
a. 
d. 
1 0 to 
6 
0 
1 6 
3 
0 
2 0 
6 
0 
0 0 
0 
0 
a. d. 
8 . 
d. 
0 9 to 
1 
0 
0 2 
0 
0 
3 6 
4 
0 
2 0 
3 
0 
1 0 
0 
6 
2 0 
3 
6 
1 0 
1 
5 
1 6 
0 
0 
0 3 
0 
0 
1 6 
3 
0 
0 2 
0 
4 
0 3 
0 
4 
! in variety. 
s. d. 
8 . 
d. 
1 0 to 
3 
0 
3 0 
12 
0 
1 0 
2 
0 
4 0 
6 
0 
2 0 
4 
0 
0 6 
1 
0 
0 6 
1 
0 
2 0 
4 
0 
0 6 
1 
0 
3 C 
8 
0 
0 6 
1 
6 
1 0 
1 
6 
1 0 
2 
0 
1 6 
4 
0 
1 6 
3 
0 
2 0 
3 
0 
2 0 
4 
0 
1 0 
3 
0 
1 0 
2 
0 
0 4 
0 
6 
8. d. 
8 . 
d. 
4 0 to 6 
0 
12 0 
18 
0 
12 0 
24 
0 
9 0 
15 
0 
3 0 
4 
0 
6 0 
12 
0 
6 0 
10 
0 
3 0 
6 
0 
6 0 
9 
0 
1 6 
4 
0 
1 0 
15 
0 
21 0 
63 
0 
6 0 
12 
0 
2 0 
4 
0 
DAIRY FARMING REFORM. 
Co-operative dairy factories, for wliicli we have so long 
asked for in vain in England, yet which are answering so well in 
Ireland, are in full force in Denmark, some 1500 co operative 
dairies being in full action in that small country of 14,789 square 
miles, with a population of only a little over two millions. 
Very interesting is the lucid account which Mr. Dunstan gives 
of them in his pamphlet, and he says well, “ I see no reason why 
in this country a similar system should not be adopted with the 
result of producing greater profits from second and third-class 
land than could ever be obtained by the growing of Wheat and 
the raising of meat.” He goes on to point out that a difficulty 
in the way would be the objection of our farmers to submit to 
feeding cows under inspection and penalties. Of course they 
would object, and will object till bad feeding is made penal. 
They object to factories, to reform of any sort; they will 
