October 4, 1894. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
331 
O. Roezli album, and 0. vexillarium album. Some of these are not pure 
white, but there is very little colour in the majority, the Laelias, 0Jonto- 
glossums, and Coelogyne being valuable for cutting, 
Manuring' riower Borders (Z. F .').—There is no doubt flower 
borders are best manured in autumn, as the manurial matter is assimi¬ 
lated and absorbed by the soil ready for being taken up by the roots 
W'hen fresh growth takes place, whereby a good growth is assured and 
the plants flower more profusely. Nightsoil and soot are powerful 
manures, and should not be used excessively. Soot is more speedy in 
its action, and should not be supplied until it is required by the plants, 
applying it to flower borders in spring during moist weather when the 
plants are commencing growth. It is good against predatory vermin or 
slugs, and may be given at the rate of a peck per rod (30J square 
yards), distributing it evenly on the surface, and unless thrown on the 
plants in excessive quantity will not injure them. It should, however, 
be kept from those with hairy leaves. During March or early April is a 
good time to apply soot, repeating in June, or it may be given during 
summer in liquid form to any plants requiring stimulation, a table¬ 
spoonful to a gallon of water is sufficient. Being rather difficult to mix 
it should be formed into a paste with sufficient water, and then it mixes 
readily with water. Nightsoil mixed with dry fine ashes or dry soil may 
be applied at the rate of a bushel per rod for general dressings, the ashes 
or soil used not being more than an equal quantity of the nightsoil ; 
but when the soil is poor it may be applied at double the rate named, 
and should be pointed in. This should be done in autumn or some time 
in advance of growth in the plants. It will be rendered very powerful 
by adding urine to form a paste and dry wood ashes to form it into a 
dry powder. This kept in a dry place is little inferior to guano, and 
can be applied to any crop with material benefit. A good handful per 
square yard is a sufficient dressing to apply at once, and before cropping 
or a little in advance of the plants requiring assistance in accelerating 
their growth or enlarging their parts. 
Names of Fruits.— Notice. —We have pleasure in naming good 
typical fruits (when the names are discoverable) for the convenience of 
regular subscribers, who are the growers of such fruit, and not col¬ 
lectors of specimens from non-subscribers. This latter procedure is 
wholly irregular, and we trust that none of our readers will allow 
themselves to be made the mediums in infringing our rules. Special 
attention is directed to the following decision, the object of which is 
to discourage the growth of inferior and promote the culture of superior 
varieties. In consequence of the large numher of worthless Apples and 
Pears sent to this office to he named, it has been decided to name only 
specimens and varieties of approved merit, and to reject the inferior, 
which are not worth sending or growing. The names and addresses of 
senders of fruit to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the 
specimens, whether letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or 
not. The names are not necessarily required for publication, initials 
sufficing for that. Only six specimens can be named at once, and any 
beyond that number cannot be preserved. They should he sent on the 
first indication of change towards ripening. Dessert Pears cannot he 
named in a hard green state. (Ilex'). —The Pears are very hard and 
not in a condition to be named ; see conditions above. (A. JI. C.). — 
1, rotten; 2, Marie Louise; 3, unknown, inferior; 4, Marie Louise 
d’Uccle. (C. II. P.). —We regret our inability to name late Pears when 
in a hard green state. No one can name them with certainty in the 
absence of the important tests of texture and flavour. A very few may 
possibly be recognise), but naming under such conditions amounts, as a 
rule, to mere guesswork. (II. S .%—The Apple sent is not a typical 
specimen and cannot be named. (A. S .).—The Pear is Fondante 
d’Automne, and the Apple Fearn’s Pippin. 
Names of Plants. — We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss, soft green grass, or leaves form the best 
packing, dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named 
at once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(F. F. T.). —The flowers are varieties of Campanula turbinata. 
(II. P. T.). —1, Cattleya granulosa ; 2, Lselia autumnalis. ( W. C .).— 
Probably Briobotrya japonica (the Loquat). (M. R .)—Pyrus salici- 
folius. (A. A.). —1, Blechnum boreale 2, 3, and 5, specimens insuflfl- 
cient; 4, Asplenium lonchitis. (D, B .).—Cypripedium Lawrencianum. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. —October 3rd. 
TMarxet steady. Nuts and Pears heavy. Apples light. Grapes and Cucumbers 
much in favour of buyers. Tomatoes firm. 
VEGETABLES. 
Beans, Kidney, per half 
a. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Mushrooms, punnet .. .. 
8. 
0 
d. 
9 to 
8. 
1 
d 
0 
sieve.. .. 
1 
0 to 
1 
6 
Mustard and Oress, punnet 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Oarrots, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
6 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
3 
6 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
SaLsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
5 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Scorzonera, bundle ., .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive^ dozen 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots, per lb.. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Herbs, bunch .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes. per lb. 
0 
2 
0 
5 
Lettuce, dozen. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
FRUI'T' 
8. 
d. 
b. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
a. 
Apples, per half sieve .... 
1 
G to 3 
G 
Peaches, per doz. 
1 
Oto 10 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Plums, half sieve .. ,. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Gobs per 100 lbs. 
2-2 
6 
24 
0 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Lemons, case .10 
0 
15 
0 
Strawberries per lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE 
PRICES.— 
CUT 
FLOWERS —Orchid Blooms in variety. 
s. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
3 d. 
8. 
a. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
2 
0 
to 4 
0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
1 
0 to 3 
0 
Asparagus Fern, per bunch 
2 
0 
2 
6 
Myosotis or Forget-me- 
Asters (English) doz.bnchs. 
3 
0 
G 
0 
nots, dozen bunches .. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
Oarnations, 12 blooms 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
1 
G 
12 
0 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Pansies, dozen bunches ., 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„ doz. bunches.. 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Chrysanthemums „ 
„ doz. blooms 
3 
0 
9 
0 
Primula (double), dozen 
2 
0 
6 
0 
sprays . 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Oornflo'wers, doz. bunches 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Dahlias „ 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Eucharis, dozen. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ (outdoor), doz. bnchs. 
3 
C 
8 
0 
Gaillardia, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
1 
G 
„ Tea, white, dozen 
0 
6 
1 
6 
Gardenias, per dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
„ Safrano (English),doz. 
2 
0 
3 
U 
Geranium, scarlet, doz. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
bunches. 
G 
0 
9 
0 
., Marecbal Niel, doz. .. 
Sinilax, per bunch .. .. 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Gladiolus, dozen sprays .. 
0 
9 
1 
6 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Lavender, dozen bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Stephanotis, dozen sprays 
Stocks, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Lilium lancifolium, dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
blooms . 
1 
G 
2 
0 
Sunflowers, various, dozen 
Lilium longiflorum, dozen 
6 
U 
9 
0 
bunches . 
1 
0 
3 
0 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
Sweet Peas, dozen bunches 
1 
0 
2 
0 
bunches. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Tuberoses, 12 blooms.. .. 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Arbor Vitae (golden) dozen 
6 
0 to 12 
0 
Heliotrope, per dozen 
3 
0 
to G 
0 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Lilium auratum, doz. pots 12 
0 
18 
0 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
5 
0 
10 
6 
„ Harrisi, per dozen 
12 
0 
24 
0 
Asters, dozen pots 
3 
0 
4 
0 
„ lancifolium, dozen 
Chrysanthemums, per doz. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
pots. 
9 
0 
15 
0 
,. large, per doz. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen ,. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Coleus, per dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Dracaena, various, dozen ., 
18 
0 
42 
0 
„ yellow, doz. pots 
6 
0 
10 
0 
Dracaena viridis, dozen ., 
9 
0 
24 
0 
Mignonette, per doz. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Buonvm us, var., dozen .. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles, dozen .. .. ,. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Evergreens, in var., dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each .. .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
Ferns, in variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
„ (specimens) .. ,, 
21 
0 
63 
0 
„ (small) per hundred 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pelargoniums, per dozen.. 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Ficus elastica, each .. 
1 
0 
7 
0 
,. sc;irlet, per doz. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
10 
6 
Primulas, per dozen .. .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Fuchsia, per dozen .. .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Solanums, per dozen .. .. 
12 
0 
15 
0 
MILK. 
Op tbe farm produce that is now so profitable as to command 
the attention of farmers following a modified system of mixed 
farming, as well as that of dairy farmers, milk is a staple 
article of prime importance, entering as it does more or less 
into the dietary of every individual, young or old, but especially 
of the young, as milk pure and simple. In this form its use 
will extend—is extending, as indeed it may well do having 
regard to its nutritive properties, and it may be taken as a fore¬ 
gone conclusion that its increasing use by the masses will go on 
with increasing knowledge of its true value as food- At present 
its daily use in L ondon is said to range from three quarters of a 
pint per head in West End households, downwards to a com¬ 
paratively infinitesimal quantity in the East End. Even now 
this quantity points to a total partaking of the marvellous, the 
cost of the milk consumed in the metropolis every twenty-four 
hours being, according to the “ Daily Telegraph,” twenty 
thousand pounds, or a total annual cost of eight to nine million 
pounds sterling. How these figures would bear the test of 
analysis we cannot say, nor is it of material importance, because 
the fact remains that the metropolitan milk trade has attained 
gigantic proportions, and is ever growing. Entirely do we 
agree with our contemporary that this prodigious market ought 
to be accessible only to our own farmers, and should be cultivated 
with energy and skill. 
Certainly in this matter there is ample scope for energetic 
action as well as for manipulative skill. In both we go right 
down to the breeding of cows, and are bound to call attention 
