356 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
October 11, 1834. 
vjxeepiionally grand addition to our climbing Roses, which should 
lia grown in every garden. _ 
Promising New Roses. —Exhibition Roses not yeti in analysis 
and “Garden Roses” that I have not yet flowered, are arranged 
BJ alphabetical order in the two following paragraphs ;— 
Exhibition Roses. — Hybrid Perjietuals. —Charles Gater (Paul 
Mid Son), Clio (W. Paul & Son), Marchioness of Downshire, gold 
.»edal, N.R.S. (A. Dickson & Sons), Mrs. Harkness (Harkness and 
Sons), Mrs. R. G. Sharman Crawford, gold medal, N.R.S. (A. 
Dickson & Sons). Hybrid Teas. —Clara Watson (G. Prince), 
Kaiserin Augusta Victoria (Lambert & Reiter), La Fraicheur 
(Pernet-Ducher), Lady Henry Grosvenor (Bennett), Princess May 
(W. Paul & Son). Teas and Noisettes. —Bridesmaid (May), 
Corinna (W. Paul & Son), Directeur R. Gerard, Maman Cochet, 
Medea (W. Paul & Son). 
Garden Roses. — Hybrid Tea. — Mme. Pernet-Ducher 
(Ducber). Teas. —Beauts Inconstante (Pernet-Ducher), Mme. 
Pierre Cochet. Climbing Noisette. —Alister Stella Gray, com¬ 
mendation card, N.R.S. (Paul & Son). Sweet Briars. —Amy 
IRobsart, Flora Mclvor, Lady Penzance and Lord Penzance 
('Keynes & Co.), and Janet’s Pride (Paul & Son). Single. —Paul’s 
Garmine Pillar (Paul & Son).—E. M., Berlchamsted. 
STORING APPLES AND PEARS. 
The Apple crop in many gardens is this year not sufficiently 
abundant to entail any great amount of labour in gathering and 
storing. It is all the more important therefore that great care be 
exercised in storing, so that the fruits may be kept as long as 
possible in good condition, and loss from decay reduced to a 
minimum. To accomplish this it is necessary to know something 
of the conditions under which these desirable results may be 
attained. These conditions are an uniformly low temperature 
Bombined with darkness. The fruits then ripen slowly, and acquire 
their full flavour. So long as they are preserved from frost and 
damp on the one hand, and light, warmth, and a dry atmosphere 
on the other, fruits never decay till full maturity is reached, unless 
the skins or tissues are injured. 
It may thus be seen from the foregoing that where an elabo¬ 
rately fitted fruit room is not at command it is not usually dififlcult 
to find a suitable position for storing fruit, as the majority of 
gardens possess frost-proof sheds or other outhouses which may be 
converted into temporary fruit rooms. In Kent portions of the 
buildings used for the drying and pressing of hops are turned to 
good account by extensive fruit growers for storing large quantities 
of Apples. In such structures when proper precautions are taken 
4o exclude frost the fruits keep splendidly, far better than they do 
in many specially constructed fruit rooms ; the fault of some of 
ihese being that they are too dry, experience too great fluctua- 
itions in temperature, and in consequence cause the fruits so stored 
m them to shrivel prematurely. This, however, is not the case 
when fruit rooms are built upon the most approved principles, and 
4he details well thought out before they are erected. 
Assuming that a well-appointed fruit room is at command 
provided with open shelves, sheets of clean, thick, white paper 
should be placed upon them, and the best samples of Apples placed 
in one layer upon them, so that they stand just clear of each other, 
to prevent a decaying fruit from starting an adjoining one. After 
the finest fruits have been selected and stored in this way, there 
usually remains a good bulk of small ones, which may be disposed 
of in a more expeditious way by placing them in layers of about 
9 inches in thickness in the lowest compartment, a layer of clean 
straw having previously been placed upon the floor. Very choice 
fruit required for exhibition purposes ought to be kept in air-tight 
drawers. These specimens should be selected after having been 
upon the open shelves for a few days to become thoroughly dry. 
A simple and excellent method of packing in the drawers is to 
place a layer of cotton wool in the bottom, cover this with tissue 
paper, and stand the fruits upon it just clear of each other, 
Snishing off with layers of tissue paper and cotton wool. It is 
4hea an easy matter to detect any decay by simply removing the 
Bop covering. All fruits should be covered with paper or straw a 
few days after storing. 
When space in the fruit room is limited. Apples may be stored 
in flour barrels. Line these with paper, place the fruit in carefully, 
»od cover at the top with paper and straw held in position by 
^brings. Very late varieties should always be placed in the coolest 
and darkest positions—indeed, there are few places in which 
Apples of this type keep so long or so well as in cellars, provided 
they are not abnormally damp. Packed in boxes or barrels made 
air-tight by a lining of paper, and a covering of several thicknesses 
of the same material, such fine late kinds as Sturmer Pippin and 
Lane’s Prince Albert may be kept perfectly fresh and plump till 
May or June, if stored in cellars of the above description. 
A good sized orchard is a necessary adjunct to every garden 
from which a regular supply of fruit has to be maintained. There 
is often no really frost-proof building available for storing these, 
but in most instances sheds may be made so by the following 
means. Procure the necessary number of ordinary hurdles, lay 
evenly upon one side a good thickness of stiff straw, arranged 
after the manner of thatch and held securely by means of long 
stakes secured to the hurdles with string. Fasten these in an 
upright position around the inside of the shed, about a foot from 
the wall. The intervening space should be stuffed with straw, 
bracken, or material of a similar nature. Next lay 6 inches of 
straw upon the floor, and all is ready to receive the fruit, which 
will here be perfectly secure from the severest frosts experienced 
in this country. 
If sufficient space can be found the Apples should not be 
placed in layers of more than a foot in thickness, but I have known 
them keep fairly well when stored in layers of double that thick¬ 
ness. When space is so limited as to render it necessary to do 
this, the best fruits should be selected and placed in barrels. All 
should be covered with clean straw after an exposure of a week or 
ten days. When signs of sharp frosts appear the thickness of 
this covering must be increased to a foot or 15 inches, then no 
fear of injury by that swift destroyer need be entertained. 
The above remarks are equally as applicable to Pears ai Apples, 
but it is necessary to emphasise the fact that the former do not 
keep so long as the latter, and should therefore be placed in 
positions where they may be frequently examined. All choice 
specimens ought to be wrapped in tissue paper and placed in 
drawers between layers of cotton wool or clean oat chaff. A label 
bearing the name of the variety and date of gathering should be 
attached to fruit of all kinds when stored.—H. Dunkin. 
RIPENED WOOD. 
“E. K., (page 291) having been as good as his word, 
and kindly attempted the—I fear bootless—task of my conversion 
to a belief in the ripe wood nonsense, I should be very ungracious 
were I not to accept his proffered assistance in the same spirit. 
I could not help feeling when reading “E. K.’s” communication 
that the writer must have been chuckling mightily to himself 
while poking fun at the Saxon. Indeed, the genial humour 
displayed in every line is so infectious that I find great difficulty 
in avoiding joining in a hearty laugh at his pleasantry. The 
letter is a wonderfully clever effusion, as it commits the author to 
nothing. No fact within his own knowledge is recorded, and no 
personal opinion expressed, the contents being merely a re-hash of 
the last few numbers of this Journal. “ E. K.” appears throughout 
to be sitting on a rail ready to descend on whichever side—the ripe 
or the unripe wood side—may ultimately score. 
I suppose, however, if only for politeness sake, I must treat 
your correspondent’s arguments as serious, and endeavour to deal 
with them seriatim. In pursuance of this laudable endeavour I 
must first thank him for drawing my attention to Mr. Eivers’ 
rather oracular utterances upon the subject under discussion, which 
had escaped my attention. Mr. Rivers is undoubtedly a high 
authority on fruit culture, and any opinion he definitely expressed 
would be entitled to the greatest respect. But it must be remem¬ 
bered he is first and foremost a great nurseryman, consequently it 
is quite outside his province to enter into abstruse controversial 
questions. Moreover, he knows his public well, and probably has 
experienced the almost Chinese conservatism of English horti¬ 
culturists, a conservatism so hide - bound in character that it 
terribly handicaps them in their competition with the more 
intelligent and, therefore, less prejudiced foreigner. As it is, he 
seems to have had some searchings of heart to account for 
the fruit failure this year, and thinks if it was not the 
frost it was “ the winter moth.” Strange this is the first 
complaint I have heard this year of that insect, almost everyone 
else ascribing their misfortunes to the ravages of the codlin moth, 
though often quite unjustly. 
As I read on I find “E. K.” citing bush fruits in support of his 
theory. Does he really consider these great lovers of sunshine ? 
If so, can he explain why they never flourish in sunny though 
temperate climates, such as Southern Europe ? With regard to all 
I may repeat the opinion of a well known member of the Fruit 
Committee who holds that this class of plant requires slight 
