November 22, 1994. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
485 
on the wild Pear, which is very spiny, and on that account makes a good 
hedge plant, particularly near the sea. In that case even the thorny 
character of the stock would not be imparted to the scion or graft, 
which retains its characteristics on any stock, therefore the spines are 
due to the variety—a tendency to produce thorny growths when young 
and vigorous. It is easy to distinguish the stock on which the tree is 
worked, as there is a considerable diflEerence between a Pear and a 
Quince in their barks. The tree will outgrow the thorny spurs as it 
gains fruitfulness. 
Chrysantbemums (^The Boy ').—All the Chrysanthemums we are 
acquainted with in your list are vigorous growing sorts, and should 
produce large exhibition blooms under the orthodox treatment of 
striking cuttings in December, allowing the plants to grow with one 
stem until the first natural break occurs, then confining the number to 
three stems, allowing each to carry one bloom. Wyndmoor and George 
R. Gauze we do not recognise. With the exception of Beauty of 
Castlewood all are of the ordinary early November fiowering varieties. 
That named is perhaps a few days later in opening its blooms. No 
trouble should be experienced in getting good blooms of Waban and 
Lord Brooke, but the buds should not be “ taken ” before August 15th. 
Grow the plants well, and by striking them early the wood should 
mature early in the seasoni 
Inserting- Mushroom Spawn In Pastures (S’. T. IT .).— 
Perhaps the best time for inserting the spawn is as soon in the early 
summer as the soil is fairly dry, and there is a prospect of fine weather 
for some time afterwards. This may be reckoned from the early part 
of May till the middle of June. Some persons consider the midsummer 
set spawn gives the best results, while others prefer late summer 
insertion. All are no doubt right from their respective standpoints. 
The chief point seems to be to get the spawn to spread, and for that 
purpose the ground must only be moderately moist, and then if a dry 
time follow the spawn becomes established in the soil, and is able to 
take care of itself in wet weather. It is desirable that large pieces be 
used, a “brick” being divided into four parts, small portions being 
more likely to perish should heavy rains ensue shortly after insertion. 
Common salt sown on pastures has been found to promote the growth 
of Mushrooms. See Wright’s “ Mushrooms for the Million,” post free 
for Is. 2d. from this office. 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss, soft green grass, or leaves form the best 
packing, dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named 
at once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(AT. J-.).—Justicia flavicoma. (i?. F.). —1, Jasminum gracillimum ; 
2, Passiflora quadrangularis ; 3, Plumbago capensis. (<7. D .).— 
1, Adiantum cuneatum; 2, Pteris serrulata. (^Yorhs). — Begonia 
metallica. (^Amateur ).—Chrysanthemums are florists’ flowers, which 
we do not name. (X. Y. Z .).—Bignonia speciosa. (^Forth Country 
Reader). —1, Euonymus europmus (Spindle Tree) ; 2, Symphoricarpus 
racemosus ; 3, Possibly Gaultheria Shallon; 4, Probably Viburnum 
Lantana; 5, A Cornus. With the exception of 1 and 2 the specimens 
were totally insufficient for positive identification. If you send again 
kindly read the rules given above with reference to attaching the 
numbers in a proper manner. 
OOVBNT GARDEN MARKET.— November 21st. 
Peices show no improvement. Trade very slow. 
FRUIT: 
B. 
d. 
B. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Apples, per half sieve 
1 
6 to 4 
6 
Lemons, case ,. .. 
10 
0 to 15 
0 
„ Nova Scotia, per 
Peaches, per doz. .. 
• • 
0 
0 
0 
0 
barrel. 
10 
0 
15 
0 
Plums, half sieve 
• * 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes, per lb. 
0 
6 
1 
6 
St. Michael Pines, each 
• 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Cobs, per 100 lbs . 
22 
6 
23 
0 
Strawberries per lb. .. 
t • 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
e. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
g. 
d. 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. .. 
0 
6 
to 0 
0 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 
to 0 
0 
Beet, Red, dozen . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel .. 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Carrots, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsley, dozen bunches 
• • 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
0 
6 
Celery, bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. .. 
• • 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle .. .. 
1 
0 
1 
5 
Cucumbers, dozen .. .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Scorzonera, bundle .. 
• • 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive, dozen . 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots, per lb. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Herbs, bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel .. .. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Leeks, bunch . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes.per lb. .. 
• » 
0 
2 
0 
6 
Lettuce, dozen.. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch .. .. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Mushrooms, punnet .. ,. 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Forcing Steptaanotls — Destroying Scale (A. H. E.). —The 
temperature you mention—65° at night and 76° by day from fire heat— 
will be quite sufficient to bring this plant into flower; but its being 
rested for some time previously is essential to prompt growth at starting 
time. Stephanotis, however, is not easily started into flower growth 
during the dead season of the year, but soft wood starts fast enough, 
and is worse than useless for producing flowers. We should not increase 
the temperature until the turn of the days, making, however, the most 
of sun heat. For special purposes, and after the plants have had a long 
rest, Stephanotises are sometimes started and brought into flower in a 
night temperature of 70° to 75°, with 10° to 15° rise by day with sun ; 
but whether such a practice is worth trying on plants in borders we are 
not prepared to take the responsibility of advising. It is matter for 
your judgment. For the scale petroleum mixed with softsoap and 
water is prepared as follows:—Softsoap, 1 lb.; water, 1 gallon; 
petroleum, \ pint. Place the softsoap and water in an iron pan over the 
fire; when boiling and the soap is thoroughly dissolved, remove from 
the fire, then (and while boiling hot) add the petroleum, and stir 
briskly with a switch of twigs till the whole be thoroughly incorporated ; 
then dilute with hot water to six gallons, and apply with a spraying 
apparatus or fine syringe at a temperature of 130°. This will destroy 
all soft “ scales,” but not the eggs beneath the older shells, therefore it 
will be necessary to repeat the application as essential to effect a 
thorough clearance. Once the plant is cleared of the insects they would 
not appear again without the introduction of a fresh stock, for they are 
not bred from nothing. 
irames of Fruits. — Notice. —We have pleasure in naming good 
typical fruits (when the names are discoverable) for the convenience of 
regular subscribers, who are the growers of such fruit, and not col¬ 
lectors of specimens from non-subscribers. This latter procedure is 
wholly irregular, and we trust that none of our readers will allow 
themselves to be made the mediums in infringing our rules. Special 
attention is directed to the following decision, the object of which is 
to discourage the growth of inferior and promote the culture of superior 
varieties. In consequence of the large number of worthless Apples and 
Pears sent to this office to be named, it has been decided to name only 
specimens and varieties of approved merit, and to reject the inferior, 
which are not worth sending or growing. The names and addresses of 
senders of fruit to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the 
specimens, whether letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or 
not. The names are not necessarily required for publication, initials 
sufficing for that. Only six specimens can be named at once, and any 
beyond that number cannot be preserved. They should be sent on the 
first indication of change towards ripening. Dessert Pears cannot be 
named in a hard green state. (Jl W, P.). —1, Rotten ; 2, Ord’s Apple ; 
3, Golden Russet; 4, Franklin’s Golden Pippin; 5, Yellow Ingestrie ; 
6, not known. (J. A.). —1, Gloria Miindi; 2, Wormsley Pippin, both 
very good examples. 
Names of Plants. —We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
AVERAGE WHOLESALE 
Aram Lilies, 12 blooms .. 
Azalea, dozen sprays .. .. 
Asparagus Fern, per bunch 
Bouvardias, bunch .. .. 
Oarnations, 12 blooms .. 
Chrysanthemums,doz.bchs. 
„ doz. blooms 
' Eucharis, dozen. 
Gardenias, per dozen 
Geranium, scarlet, doz. 
bunches. 
; Lilac (French) per bunch 
Lilium longiflorum, per 
dozen . 
Marguerites, 12 bunches .. 
I Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches. 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 
Primula (double), dozen 
sprays . 
Arbor Vitae (golden) dozen 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
Aspidistra, specimen plant 
Chrysanthemums, per doz. 
,, large, per doz. 
Cyclamen, per dozen 
Dracaena, various, dozen .. 
Dracaena viridis, dozen .. 
Erica, various, per dozen ,. 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
Evergreens, in var., per 
dozen . 
PRICES.—OUT FLOWERS.—Orchid Blooms in variety. 
s. 
3 
0 
1 
0 
1 
3 
1 
2 
2 
4 
3 
6 
1 
4 
2 
1 
6 
0 
a. 
6 
18 
5 
3 
9 
9 
18 
9 
9 
6 
6 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
0 
to 4 
0 
Poinsettia, dozen blooms .. 
3 
6 
1 
3 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 
2 
0 
2 
0 
Roses (indoor), dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
„ Tea, white, dozen 
0 
6 
3 
0 
„ Yellow, dozen .. .. 
2 
0 
9 
0 
„ Safrano (English),doz. 
1 
0 
3 
0 
., Mar6chal Niel, doz.,. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
„ (French), yellow, doz. 
0 
4 
0 
blooms. 
1 
„ (French), Red, dozen 
0 
6 
0 
blooms . 
2 
6 
5 
0 
Smilax, per bunch .. .. 
2 
Stephanotis, dozen sprays 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Tuberoses. 12 blooms.. 
0 
6 
3 
0 
Violets (English), dozen 
bunches. 
1 
0 
6 
0 
Violets (French), Parme, 
6 
4 
0 
per bunch . 
2 
6 
12 
0 
Violets (French), Czar, per 
0 
9 
0 
bunch . 
1 
Violets (French), Victoria, 
6 
1 
0 
dozen bunches. 
1 
PLANTS 
IN POTS. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
B. 
0 to 12 
0 
Ferns, lu variety, dozen .. 
4 
0 
36 
0 
(small) per hundred 
4 
0 
10 
6 
Ficus elastica, each ., .. 
1 
0 
6 
0 
Foliage plants, var., each 
2 
0 
18 
0 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
3 
0 
12 
0 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen ., 
6 
0 
42 
0 
Myrtles, dozen . 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Palms, in var., each ., .. 
1 
0 
18 
0 
„ (specimens) ,. .. 
21 
0 
18 
0 
Poinsettia, per dozen .. 
10 
Primulas, per dozen .. .. 
4 
0 
24 
0 
Solanums, per dozen .. .. 
10 
d. a. d. 
0 to 6 0 
0 4 0 
6 10 
6 2 0 
0 3 0 
0 2 0 
0 6 0 
6 2 0 
0 2 6 
0 3 0 
0 6 0 
4 0 6 
6 2 0 
0 3 0 
0 2 0 
6 2 0 
d. 8. d. 
0tol8 0 
0 6 0 
0 7 0 
0 10 0 
0 4 0 
0 12 0 
0 9 0 
0 15 0 
0 63 0 
0 15 0 
0 6 0 
0 12 0 
WINTERING DAIRY COWS.—1. 
Well-fed, well-housed, well-groomed, clean, healthy animals, 
having enough sweet, wholesome, nourishing food to sustain 
condition and a full milk yield, with pure water and clean dry 
litter for bedding, the home farmers’ cows should continue to 
• afford a supply of pure milk and untainted butter throughout 
