506 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
November 20 , 1894. 
plants utilised included Paper White Narcissus, Chrysanthemums, 
Calanthes, Coleuses, Palms, Ferns, Roman Hyacinths, and Bouvardias, 
and all were creditable examples of good culture. The arrangement 
was light and pleasing, the best use having been made of the plants 
at disposal. Mr. F. Kliege, gardener to E. H. Drake, Esq., Grasmere, 
Woking, was second, but his arrangement was somewhat heavy, though 
good plants had been used. The third prize went to Mr. J. Tomlin, 
gardener to Mrs. Goldingham, Anningsley Park, Chertsey. There was 
only one competitor in the class for a group of Chrysanthemums, and 
the first prize was deservedly accorded to it. The exhibit was staged 
by Mr. A. Nottage, Goldsworth Road, Woking, and his arrangement 
was good, and the plants were carrying numbers of very charming 
flowers. 
For six table plants Mr. W. Jinks, gardener to Maling Grant, Esq., 
Fairlawn, Fairmile, Cobham, was a good first; Mr. F. Seabreok second ; 
and Mr. H. Cook, gardener to the Rev. F. Poynter. Stoke Hill, Guildford, 
third. Mr. Davis, gardener to W. T. Jones, Esq., Mount Hermon, 
Woking, was first for six Primulas, with finely grown examples, Mr. 
A. F. Seabrook being second, and Mr. F. Adams, gardener to 
Houston Stewart, Esq., Kitternick, Woking, a close third. 
In the cut bloom classes keener competition was observable. 
For eighteen Japanese, distinct, Mr. W. Jinks was first with Etoile 
de Lyon, Edwin Molyneux, Mdlle. Th^rese Rey, President Borel, 
Viscountess Hambledon, Amos Perry, Golden Gate, R. C. Kingston, 
Viviand Morel, Beauty of Castlewood, Condor, Mrs. C. Harman 
Payne, Primrose League, Wm. Tricker, Chas. Davis, Silver King, 
W. H. Lincoln, and Florence Davis. The blooms were clean and fresh, 
and made an even exhibit. Mr. J. Tomlin was second, and Mr. H. 
Cook third. 
There were four competitors in the class for twelve Japanese, 
distinct, and Mr. W. Jinks was again first, showing Silver King, Marie 
Hoste, Chas. Blick, Primrose League, Cbas. Davis, Viviand Morel, 
Florence Davis, W. H. Lincoln, Le Verseau, Mdlle. Th4r^se Rey, 
Etoile de Lyon, and E. Molyneux in good form. Mr. D. Edwards, 
gardener to — Kelly, Esq., Send Holme, Woking, was a good second. 
Mr. J. Tomlin was third with small flowers. Mr. W. Jinks was also 
the premier exhibitor in the class for six distinct Japanese. Messrs. 
J. Tomlin and W. Baxter were second and third as named. Mr. W. 
Baxter, Old Woking, was the only competitor in the class for tvrelve 
bunches or sprays of Chrysanthemums, and was placed first with a very 
beautiful exhibit. 
Incurved blooms were not quite so numerous, neither were they of 
such good quality. In the class for twelve, distinct, Mr. J. Tomlin was 
first, Mr. W. Jinks second with flowers that were a little past their 
best, and Mr. F. Adams third. Four competitors staged six incurved, 
distinct, and Mr. W. Jinks was placed first. Mr. J. Tomlin was second, 
and Mr. F. Adams third. 
Mr. J. Osman, gardener to L. Baker, Esq , Ottershaw Park, Chert.sey, 
secured the first prize for two bunches of black Grapes ; Mr. F. Adams, 
the only other competitor, being second. Mr. J. H. Davis was first 
for four dishes of Apples with Wellington, Cox’s Pomona, King of the 
Pippins, and Gravenstein. Mr. A. F. Seabrook was second, and Mr. 
H. Cook third. For three dishes of Pears, Mr. T. Osman was first 
and Mr. H. Cook second. 
For a collection of six distinct kinds of vegetables Mr. A. Jupp, 
Greencroft, Guildford, was a splendid first. The exhibit comprised 
Earliest of All Tomatoes, James’ Intermediate Carrots, Rousham Park 
Hero Onions, Autumn Giant Cauliflowers, Beauty of Hebron Potatoes, 
and President Carnot Brussels Sprouts, all being of excellent quality. 
Mr. T. O^man was second, and Mr. S. Boorman, Send, Woking, third. 
The last-named exhibitor was first for four dishes of Potatoes with The 
Puritan and Snowdrop in splendid form. The second and third 
positions went to Messrs. A. F. Seabrook and W. Jupp respectively. 
The amateurs’ classes were, as a rule, well contested, and some good 
specimens were seen. For a group of Chrysanthemums H. A. Whitburn, 
Esq., Elm Croft,Claremont, Woking, was first; and F. C. Palmer, Esq., 
Woking, second, neither showing in very good form. Mr. H. A. Needs, 
Horsell, Woking, was a splendid first for twelve blooms, in not less 
than six varieties, Mr. H. W. Robertson, Somerset Villa, Woking, being 
second with much smaller flowers. Mr. H. A. Needs was again first for 
six distinct Japanese. Mr. H. A. Whitburn, Woking, was second, and 
Mr. H. W. Robertson third. The latter was the only competitor for six 
Japanese, one variety, and received the first prize for very pale coloured 
blooms of Etoile de Lyon. 
WOKK.foi\.theWeEK.. 
HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 
Pruning- Fruit Trees. —As it is most desirable that this work 
should be forwarded early in the winter, not only for the benefit of the 
trees, b-ut for cleaning and tidying up the ground and imparting neat¬ 
ness to the garden, every opportunity for proceeding with the work 
should be taken. Where there is an unusual amount of thinning out 
to be done among all kinds of trees it is best to commence with the 
most conspicuous quarters, first pruning the trees or bushes as required, 
secondly, clearing away the prunings to a heap for burning, and thirdly, 
forking over the ground to bury weeds and dead leaves. Many growers 
leave Gooseberry and Currant bushes until February before pruning, 
owing to the ravages that birds frequently make among the buds. 
There is, however, a great disadvantage in deferring pruning so late, 
inasmuch as the pressure of work in the spring may cause it to be 
hastily and indifferently performed, involving, perhaps, considerable 
harm to the trees by causing the production of crowded wood, and 
ultimately inferior crops of fruit. 
Gooseberries. —Confine pruning chiefly to thinning out main 
branches and cutting out weak and exhausted parts, regulating the 
current year’s young wood as evenly as possible over the trees at such 
distances apart that the hand may be passed down among them without 
being scratched. Allow no shoots to remain to grow inwards or in 
reversed positions whereby they tend to crowd the centres, which ought 
to remain moderately open. Keep the shoots clear of the ground by 
cutting away the lowest growths. The pendulous growing varieties 
require special attention in this respect, and when pruned ought to be 
cut to upward pointing buds. Prune erect growers to outward buds, 
and those of spreading growth to inside buds, which will modify to 
some extent their natural habit, producing more shapely and serviceable 
bushes. In thinning out, either cut the shoots dispensed with entirely 
out close to the old wood, or leave them to the extent of an inch, when 
they will forms spurs at the base. A dusting of lime when the bushes 
are damp is good for the trees, destructive of insects, and a preventive 
of birds taking the buds. If manure is needed draw the earth from 
below the branches till the roots are visible, then spread a layer of 
decayed manure on them, covering with a sprinkling of fresh soil. The 
remainder of the soil outside the radius of the roots may be manured 
and forked over, or the latter alone will do where the ground is rich 
and the trees productive. 
Red and White Currants. —As the disposal of a proper number 
of branches—usually five to seven in ordinary sized bushes—is effected 
early in the existence of the bushes the pruning is a very simple matter. 
It consists in pruning back to within an inch of the main stems all the 
side growths produced during the summer, shortening the extension 
growths in the same way with full sized bushes, but in those required 
to extend leave a length of not more than 9 inches. With weakly trees 
6 inches is enough. The object of shortening the branches to these 
distances is to cause proper breaks of side shoots, and to strengthen the 
stems so that they can bear the large crops of fruit which are annually 
produced from the clusters of basal buds congregated on the spurs. 
Give the trees a good dressing of manure over the roots, and spiinkle the 
branches with fine lime, which serves to cleanse them of moss, and 
otherwise benefits them, as well as preserving the buds from birds, 
which, however, are not so destructive with Currants as Gooseberries. 
Black Currants. — These bear differently, and in pruning 
abundance of young wood must be left, confining the pruning to 
thinning out the oldest branches and a large proportion of the latest 
bearing shoots. Strong sucker-like growths from the base may be freely 
encouraged, or vigorous growths from any part, hut preferably 
originating in the lower parts of the bushes, can be utilised, avoiding 
crowding. All the wood removed should be cut out cleanly, none being 
left to form spurs as in Red and White Currants, though short stubby 
spurs which form naturally and have received light and air freely, 
must be retained. Shortening the leading shoots need only be adopted 
to regulate the size and symmetry of the bushes, but this is best effected 
by cutting out the longest branches from time to time. 
Raspberries. —Raspberries in strong and vigorous health produce 
a fair number of canes yearly, which, well ripened, yield fruit the 
following season. Little pruning is necessary at this season if the old 
bearing canes were cut out after the crops were gathered, thus admitting 
light, air, and sun to perfect the current year’s growths. If not cut out 
at the time stated they must be removed now, as well as all the weaker 
new canes, leaving five or six of the stronger ones for bearing the future 
crop. The unripe tips of the canes may be removed, or the canes 
shortened to the height of the stakes or trellis. An admirable plan of 
pruning Raspberry canes when a number have to be trained to a single 
stake is to shorten them to different lengths, commencing at about 
18 inches from the ground, cutting two canes to that length, two more 
at an equal distance between them and the top of the stake, to which 
the rest may be shortened. This gives a show of fruit from the base to 
the summit. A good dressing of manure placed over the roots will 
afford substantial food for the mass of fibres in abundance near the 
surface, and among which spade or fork must not be introduced. The 
jinoccupied space between the rows or clumps not penetrated with roots 
may be manured and dug. 
FRUIT FORCING. 
Peaches and Nectarines. —Earliest House .—To have ripe fruit 
in April or early in May a start should be made at the beginning of next 
month, the very early varieties, Alexander and Waterloo, giving fruit 
about three weeks earlier than Early Louise and a month or more before 
Stirling Castle and Royal George. The trees having been at rest some 
time, and previously forced, will start promptly, but those not before 
started early will not respond so quickly, therefore the house should be 
kept close, but admitting air freely above 50°, employing fire heat only 
to prevent the temperature falling below 35°. The more slowly the 
trees are excited the stronger will be the blossoms. The outside border 
must be protected so as to exclude frost, for the roots cannot absorb 
