December 13, 1894. 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGrE GARDENER. 
553 
Sbrubs and Conifers In Flower Beds (^F. C. M!). —Neat little 
plants of Golden and Silver Hollies are very effective in the centres of 
beds filled with dwarf flowering plants and for dotting amongst the 
same. They are also suitable for massing, and with them may be 
associated gold and silver variegated Box, Aucubas, Mahonia aquifolia, 
Myrtle-leaved Portugal Laurel, variegated Tree Ivy, and Euonymuses 
in variety, and also such dwarf flowering shrubs as Ligustrum japonicum, 
Andromeda floribunda, Khododendron, herbaceous Ericas, and Kalmia 
latifolia. Well berried plants of Pernettyas, Skimmia japonica, and 
Cotoneaster microphylla may be similarly employed. The foregoing, 
and any good sized Conifers available are suitable for the larger beds, 
and can be arranged either in mixture according to their respective 
heights in masses, or in panels with dividing lines of one species. For 
smaller beds nothing equals a good selection of Conifers, these being 
attractive from the first. Neat, well coloured and properly prepared 
plants can be had from the leading nurserymen, and if taken good care 
of they will be serviceable in the beds for several seasons, in fact many 
of them would be nearly as effective in the flower beds during the 
summer as throughout the winter. Some of the best for the purpose 
are Cupressus Lawsoniana erecta viridis, lutea, and nana glauca; 
Cupressus Nutkaensis ; Cryptomeria elegans ; Juniperus tamariscifolia ; 
Retinosporas ericoides, obtusa aurea, nana, plumosa argentea, squarrosa, 
and plumosa aurea ; Taxus baccata elegantissima, and Thuiopsis 
dolabrata. 
Fropagratlngr Arallas QA Beginner'). —The stock upon which 
Aralia Veitchi is grafted is A. reticulata, which is freely increased from 
cuttings Plants that have grown tall should be cut in lengths of 
about 2 inches, and inserted singly in small pots. January is a good 
time to cut the stems, which soon form roots in sandy soil if they 
can be placed in a close propagating frame, where they can enjoy 
moderately brisk bottom heat. We have inserted pieces of Aralia reti¬ 
culata rather longer, and when well rooted have applied the grafts of 
A. Veitchi. But we prefer to allow the stocks to be well established, 
and have grown some few inches in length. These are then cut nearly 
close to the base, and the scions of Aralia Veitchi placed on to them. 
Side shoots from a large plant from which the top has been removed 
soon become united to the moderately soft wood of the young stocks. 
By this means few grafts can be applied at once, and therefore cut 
the stem of A. Veitchi in lengths of nearly 2 inches, and join them to 
stocks with firmer wood. Side grafting is the best to adopt, and they 
can be worked as near the soil as possible, so that after the stock and 
scion have united and the plants are placed in 5-inch pots the union 
will be practically buried in the soil, so that the young plant of 
A. Veitchi will be furnished from the base. The scions should be tied 
on in the usual way, and then kept practically air-tight by the aid of 
grafting wax. As the stocks are grafted they should be returned to the 
propagating frame, and kept close shaded and moist until they are 
united and have commenced growth, when they must be gradually 
hardened. 
Bouble Blgg-lng- (^Amateur). —The following explicit note will 
exactly answer your question : This is also known as bastard trenching, 
and is the safest and best method of gradually increasing the depth and 
fertility of soils. It is a most desirable process in the case of newly 
broken-up ground, and also with garden soils that have not been deeply 
dug for three or more years previously. When the surface is thin and 
the subsoil of a poor character, then ought none of the latter to be 
brought to the surface till it has undergone some previous preparation. 
Ground that has long been under spade culture, and in particular any 
that has become either manure-sick or the other extreme—devoid of 
important manorial elements, should also be bastard trenched, only in 
this case the shovellings ought to be brought to the surface and 
eventually well mixed with the stale or inert soil of the latter. 
Commence at one end of a clear break of ground by marking out a 
2 feet or 30 inch width across this. Then dig the top spit, leaving the 
“shovellings” or loose soil in the trench in the case of all but quite 
newly broken-up ground, and wheel this back to the opposite end. 
After this break up the bottom spit in the trench as deeply as possible 
with a fork. If there is any garden refuse other than that of a woody 
nature to get rid of, or if manure can be spared, fork some of such 
materials into the bottom spit, and if it is intended to eventually 
completely reverse the positions of the two spits, then clayey soils will 
be improved by the addition of mortar rubbish, ashes, sand, road 
trimmings, half-decayed tanners’ bark, and such like. The bottom spit 
being thus prepared, mark out another width and throw the top soil of 
this on to the' bottom spit in first trench, and follow with the 
shovellings if desirable, and so on till the whole of the break is trenched 
and the last trench filled with the top soil wheeled back to that end. 
ITames of Fruits. — Notice. —We have pleasure in naming good 
typical fruits (when the names are discoverable) for the convenience of 
regular subscribers, who are the growers of such fruit, and not col¬ 
lectors of specimens from non-subscribers. This latter procedure is 
wholly irregular, and we trust that none of our readers will allow 
themselves to be made the mediums in infringing our rules. Special 
attention is directed to the following decision, the object of which is 
to discourage the growth of inferior and promote the culture of superior 
varieties. In consequence of the large number of worthless Apples and 
Pears sent to this office to be named., it has been decided to name only 
specimens and varieties of approved merit, and to reject the inferior, 
which are not worth sending or growing. The names and addresses of 
senders of fruit to be named must in all cases be enclosed with the 
specimens, whether letters referring to the fruit are sent by post or 
not. The names are not necessarily required for publication, initials 
suflficing for that. Only six specimens can be named at once, and any 
beyond that number cannot be preserved. They should be sent on the 
first indication of change towards ripening. Dessert Pears cannot be 
named in a hard green state. (//. F. C.). —The Pear is Winter Nelis; 
the Apple, Lane’s Prince Albert. (T. D ).—1, French Crab ; 2, Bramley’s 
Seedling, a most excellent culinary variety. 
Names of Plants.— We only undertake to name species of plants, 
not varieties that have originated from seed and termed florists’ flowers. 
Flowering specimens are necessary of flowering plants, and Fern fronds 
should bear spores. Specimens should arrive in a fresh state in firm 
boxes. Slightly damp moss, soft green grass, or leaves form the best 
packing, dry wool the worst. Not more than six specimens can be named 
at once, and the numbers should be visible without untying the ligatures, 
it being often difficult to separate them when the paper is damp. 
(iL V. F.). —1, A good form of Cypripedium insigne ; 2, C. barbatum ; 
3, Oncidium tigrinum. ((7. P.). —1, Aralia Veitchi ; 2, Adiantum 
formosum. D), — Chlorophytum elatum argenteo-lineare. 
(^Ajnateur). —Saintpaulia ionantha, a dwarf-growing plant, introduced 
from South Africa. 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET.— December 
Business very quiet, with heavy supplies of G-rapes to hand, 
fruit cleared. 
12th. 
Bulk of outdoor 
FRUIT j 
Apples, per half sieve .. 1 
„ Nova Scotia, per 
barrel.10 
Grapes, per lb.0 
Gobs per 100 lbs.21 
Beans, Kidney, per lb. . 
Beet, Red, dosen. 
Carrots, bunch. 
Cauliflowers, dozen .. . 
Oelery, bundle. 
Ooleworts, dozen bunches 
Cucumbers, dozen .. . 
Endive, dozen . 
Herbs, bunch . 
Leeks, bunch . 
Lettuce, dozen. 
Mushrooms, punnet ,. . 
Arum Lilies, 12 blooms ,. 6 0 to 8 0 
Azalea, dozen sprays ., ..96 13 
Asparagus Fern, per bunch 10 2 0 
Bouvardias, bunch .... 0 6 10 
Carnations, 12 blooms ..16 30 
Chrysanthemums,doz.bohs. 4 0 12 0 
„ doz. blooms 10 4 0 
Eucharis, dozen. 3 6 4 6 
Gardenias, per dozen .. 2 0 4 0 
Geranium, scarlet, doz. 
bunches. 40 6 0 
Lilac (French) per bunch 5 0 6 0 
Lilium longiflorum, per 
dozen. .. 8 0 9 0 
Marguerites, 12 bunches ..16 30 
Maidenhair Fern, dozen 
bunches.4 0 6 0 
Mignonette, 12 bunches .. 2 6 4 0 
Orchids, per dozen blooms 16 12 0 
Pelargoniums, 12 bunches 6 0 9 0 
Primula (double), dozen 
sprays.0 6 10 
d. 
8. 
d. 
g. 
d. 
s. 
d 
6 to 4 
6 
Lemons, case .. ..' .. 
10 
0 to 15 
0 
Peaches, per doz. .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
15 
0 
Plums, half sieve .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
1 
6 
St. Michael Pines, each .. 
2 
0 
6 
0 
0 
23 
0 
Strawberries per lb. .. .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
a. 
d. 
a. 
d. 
6 
bo 0 
9 
Mustard and Cress, punnet 
0 
2 to 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions, bushel. 
3 
6 
4 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsley, dozen bunches .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
6 
3 
0 
Parsnips, dozen. 
1 
0 
0 
6 
0 
1 
3 
Potatoes, per cwt. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy, bundle. 
1 
0 
1 
5 
0 
6 
0 
Beakale, per basket .. ,. 
1 
3 
1 
9 
3 
1 
6 
Bcorzonera, bundle ,. .. 
1 
6 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots, per lb.. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach, bushel. 
1 
6 
3 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Tomatoes. per lb. 
0 
2 
0 
6 
9 
1 
0 
Turnips, bunch. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
ICES.- 
-OUT FLOWERS.—Orchid Blooms in variety 
d. 
B. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Pyrethrum, dozen bunches 
Roses (indoor), dozen .. 
„ Tea, white, dozen .. 
^ ,, Yellow, dozen .. .. 
„ Safrano (English),doz. 
,, Mar6chal Niel, doz... 
„ (French), yellow, doz. 
blooms. 
„ (French), Red, dozen 
blooms . 
Smilax, per bunch .. .. 
Stephanotis, dozen sprays 
Tuberoses. 12 blooms.. 
Violets (English), dozen 
bunches. 
Violets (French), Parme, 
per bunch .. .. .. 
Violets (French), Czar, per 
bunch . 
Violets (French), Victoria, 
dozen bunches. 
4 0 
1 6 
PLANTS IN POTS. 
Arbor Vit® (golden) dozen 
Aspidistra, per dozen 
Aspidistra, specimen 
Chrysanthemums, p 3 
large,p 
Cyclamen, per doze .. 
Dracmna, various, dozen .. 
Dracffina viridis, dozen .. 
Erica, various, per dozen .. 
Euonymus, var., dozen .. 
Evergreens, in var., per 
dozen . 
B. 
6 
18 
ant 5 
ioz. 4 
doz. 9 
.. 9 
12 
9 
9 
6 
d. 8. d. 
0 to 12 0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
36 0 
10 6 
8 0 
18 0 
12 0 
30 0 
18 0 
18 0 
18 0 
6 0 24 0 
Ferns, lu variety, dozen .. 
(small'i per hundred 
Ficus elastica, each .. .. 
Foliage plants, var., each 
Lycopodiums, per dozen .. 
Marguerite Daisy, dozen .. 
Myrtles, dozen .6 
Palms, in var., each .. .. 1 
„ (specimens) .. ..21 
Poinsettia, per dozen .. 10 
Primulas, per dozen .. .. 4 
C/tln n 11 nno 
2 0 
2 6 
d. s. d. 
0tol8 0 
0 6 0 
7 0 
10 0 
4 0 
12 0 
9 0 
15 0 
63 0 
15 0 
6 0 
12 0 
WINTERING DAIRY COWS.—4. 
Attention lias repeatedly bGen called in. these articles to 
the high average milk yield of the cows on the two home farms 
of the Duke of Westminster in Cheshire, the herd of about forty 
