AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSIL REFT I LI A. 
217 
The same author soon after published his ‘ Palaeontology,’ which gives in the second 
edition, in 1861, a summary of his researches on the Anomodontia,'^ with some new 
facts and new views. Thus, it is observed of the Dicynodontia : “ The vertebrae, by the 
hollowness of the co-adapted articular surfaces, indicate these Reptiles to have been 
good swimmers, and probably to have habitually existed in water; but the construc¬ 
tion of the bony passages of the nostrils proves that they must have come to the 
surface to breathe air. The pelvis consists of a sacrum composed of five confluent 
vertebrae, with very broad iliac bones, and thick and strong ischial and pubic bones. 
The bones of the limbs resemble those of the marine Chelonia, but are more expanded 
at the extremities.” The par-occipital in Ptychognathus is said to have been connate 
with the ex-occipital, as in Crocodiles.f A similar observation had been made con¬ 
cerning the skull of Dicynodon tigrice.ps.\ The bone in D. lacerticeps which was 
named par-occipital in the explanation of the plate was described as wedged between 
the basi-sphenoid and the quadrate. That bone I propose to interpret as the malleus. 
In ‘ Palaeontology ’ § a new family, named Cynodontia, is founded for the genera 
Galesaurus and Cy7wcliampsa. 
In 1862 Sir Richard Owen contributed to the ‘ Philosophical Transactions’ of the 
Royal Society, a memoir “ On the Dicynodont Reptilia, with a description of some 
Fossil Remains brought by H.R.H. Prince Alfred from South Africa, November, 1860.”|| 
The same volume contains an account of the pelvis of Dicynodon^ in which the 
Mammalian character of the pubic symphysis is urged; and the sacrum would have 
been considered Mammalian, but for its resemblance to Dinosaurs. 
Professor Cope in 1870 published in the ‘Proceedings of the American Association 
for the Advancement of Science ’ a memoir “ On the Homologies of some of the 
Cranial Bones of the Reptilia,, and on the Systematic Arrangement of the Class,” 
in which the cranium of the Anomodontia is described from new materials. The 
new skull is in many respects similar to Ptychognathus, bub appears not to show the 
posterior bifurcation of the parietal bone, resembling in this respect types like 
Dicynodon tigriccps. It is referred to a new genus named Lystrosaurus. If this 
specimen justifies all tire conclusions which the author draws from it, it should have 
been more fully figured, for it is a more ]Derfect representative of the order than the 
materials previously described in this country. Like other writers, Professor Cope 
uses a nomenclature for the bones which depends upon his theoretical views of the 
structure of the skull and differs in some points from that already given by Owen. 
The order is grouped with the Archosauria, a division of the Reptilia formed to 
* Loc. cit., p. 255, 
t ‘ Geol. Soc. Quart. Journ.,’ vol. 16, p. 50. 
X ‘ Geol, Soc. Trans.,’ vol. 7, p. 235. 
§ Loc. cit., p. 267. 
II ‘ Phil. Trans.,’ 1862, p. 455. 
T[ Loc. cit., p. 462. 
2 E 
DCCC LX XXIX. —B. 
