AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSIL REPTILTA. 
277 
The ulna is a much stouter bone, with its proximal articular surface obliquely 
truncated. Its extreme length is 2'5 centims. It is 7 millims. wide proxinially and 
narrower distally, but most constricted in the middle of the shaft. 
The carpus, as preserved, is somewhat displaced, but shows two sub-quadrate bones 
below the ulna—one between the ulna and radius, one below the radius. There 
appear to be one bone of the central series and four bones in the distal row. 
I infer that there are five meta-carpals in contact with this carpus. Indications 
of three strong short bones are seen attached to the radial side. They are constricted 
in the middle, and each attached to a carpal. The fourth carpal gives attachment to 
two bones which appear to be more slender, and the fifth is shorter. In the first 
digit there is certainly one phalange besides the claw phalange, and I believe there is 
a second, but the state of preservation justifies some doubt on this point. 
On Galesaurus. (Plate 9, figs. 3, 4, 5, 6.) 
In 1859, Sir Richard Owen described the South African genus Galesaurus, which 
became the type of a division of the Anomodontia, termed Cynodontia. Three skulls 
and some fragments referable to this genus are preserved in the British Museum, but 
no other parts of the skeleton have been recoi'ded, so that its position in classification 
depends entmely upon evidence from the skull, which hitherto has neither been 
figured with accuracy nor described in detail. 
In 1876, the same author instituted the Theriodontia, characterized as having 
dentition of the Carnivorous type, with incisors, defined and divided from the molars 
by a large laniariform canine. It was apparently suggested by the resemblances in 
number of incisors and molars to certain Mammals, rather than by any distinctive 
Mammalian attribute in the form of the molar teeth ; but many genera were comprised 
iu the group which are still imperfectly known. As there is no skull so perfect as that 
of Galesaurus, I believe that, both as the earliest known type and the only type 
available for comparison, Galesaurus, rather than Lycosaurus, which the author places 
first on his list, should be regarded as the representative genus of the group. I make 
this suggestion because the order was made to include animals which seem to me to 
have no near alliance with each other, and have a better claim to distinction from the 
other Anomodontia than either Lycosaurus or Galesaurus. ThuSj Procoloj^hon has 
been shown to be a type as distinct as any South African Reptile that is known. 
I am led to believe that Lycosaurus, Aleurosaurus, and the allied genera wdiich have 
small pointed molar teeth, large canines, and large laterally compressed incisors form 
a division intermediate between the Dicynodontia and the Theriodontia, supposing 
that group to be accepted with Galesaurus for its type. The data for comparison 
between Galesaurus and Lycosaurus are of a slender kind. There can, however, be 
no doubt that Galesaurus is conveniently described as Theriodont, and that in form, 
proportion, and structure of the skull, it is the most Mammal-like of known Reptiles. 
