6 
MESOZOIC FORMATIONS. 
linas Creek northward, which flows along- the valley until it is turned aside 
by the rise toward the northern divide already mentioned, when it flows to 
the east through a canon of the Gallinas Mountains, and joins the Chama 
below. 
The appearance of the No. 2 valley is as follows: On the left (east), 
the barren slopes of brown sandstone rise, marked with regular cleavage- 
fissures, from which scattered pifiones gain subsistence. On the west, per¬ 
pendicular bluffs extend in a regular line parallel with the mountain-axis. 
They reach 700 feet and more in height; but the strata are undulating in 
long waves, reaching the valley-level at intervals of several miles, where 
the depression opens a view of the country*to the west. The face of the 
bluffs is the outcrop of the bluish shaly beds of No. 2, which are full of 
Ostrea and Inoceramus. The summit of the bluffs is the light-yellow sand¬ 
stone of No. 3. This sandstone varies much in thickness, increasing toward 
the south, where it constitutes the entire bluff The valley widens to the 
south for a distance, and a line of low hills of the shales of No. 2 rises 
from its surface. Another line of hills, less constant and less elevated than 
that of No. 3, is formed by the yellow beds of No. 4, and first appears near 
the mouth of Gallinas Canon, and continues to approach No. 3, until, to 
the south, the two combined form a single hog-back. 
The axis of the Gallinas range appears to be undulating; at least, a 
series of undulations of the strata on its flanks are due to axes of elevation 
at right angles to the principal one. The side of the Gallinas Mountain at 
the north appears to be composed mainly of Cretaceous No. 1; but, at the 
cation of the Gallinas, the colored beds of the Jurassic appear in its sum¬ 
mits. South of this point, these beds, capped' with the white gypsum, 
extend entirely across the anticlinal; the sandstones of Cretaceous No. 1 
appearing on the eastern as well as the western flank. Farther south, these 
are abruptly removed, leaving a plateau of the hard '‘Triassic” sandstone 
at a somewhat lower level, this bed resting in turn on the deep-red marls of 
the same age. Farther south, the Triassic sandstone forms the summit of 
the highest line of the range; the Jurassic and Cretaceous No. 1 reposing 
on its sides. Still farther south, the Nacimiento Mountain rises to a greater 
height, and is composed of the red feldspar- 2 X)rj)hyry of the Rocky Mount- 
