136 DR. C. E. BEBVOR AND MR. V. HORSLEY ON THE EXCITATION OP THE 
to exist in the Fissure of Rolando. The focus, or point of most intense representation, 
is situated in the line of squares 9, 10, 11, i.e., just above the middle of the part now 
being considered. See fig. 5, Plate 18. 
All the squares for this movement are, with the exception of No. 96, situated in 
front of the Fissure of Rolando. Excitation of No. 96 producing a very interesting 
result, viz., the mouth was first retracted and subsequently elevated. Thus this square 
96 forms a “ border ” square between the movements of retraction and elevation 
respectively, but the former predominates. 
(6) Eversion of the opposite lower lip. —We obtained the representation of this 
movement at only one spot, viz., square 104. See fig. 6, Plate 18. 
(7) Bilateral. Rolling in of both lips, especially of the lower and of the opqoosite 
side. —This movement consists in an incurving or inversion of the red margin of the 
lips over the teeth, so that the mouth being shut the skin of both lips comes into 
contact. It involved the whole length of the oral fissure, but the opposite half more 
powerfully, and the movement of the lower lip was more extensive than that of the 
upper. It was elicited from squares 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, being most represented 
at Nos. 22 and 23. See fig. 7, Plate 18. 
Before proceeding to describe the representation of pursing and pouting of the lips, 
it will be well that we should explain distinctly our means of recognising the difference 
between these two movements. 
Mr. Darwin'"' refers to the compression of the lips together in the performance of 
a delicate manual act by a young Orang; he says, loc. cit., “at each attempt the lips 
were firmly compressed, and at the same time slightly protruded.” We have expressed 
this combination of drawing together of the lips with some protrusion by the term 
pursing. According to Professor Thane! the facial portion of the orbicularis oris acting 
alone projects the lips, whilst the two parts of the muscle acting as a whole, draw the 
lips together, the result being an action similar to that we have described as pursing. 
When, on the other hand, we have eversion of the lips combined with extreme 
protrusion in anthropoids and children, a movement is produced which Mr. Darwin 
[loc. cit., p. 140) describes and figures as pouting, and which he considered to be an 
expression of disgust and disappointment, although, as he also states, a similar 
expression is used to denote the antithesis. We may incidentally remark that we 
observed the same pouting when the administration of the ether in the present 
research was begun. 
(8) Pursing of both lips. —This bilateral movement was obtained from two squares 
only, viz., 85 and 86, and was more marked at the former of these. See fig. 8, Plate 18. 
(9) Pouting of both lips. —Pouting was represented much more extensively than 
pursing, and as we consider it to be a further development of the latter by the super¬ 
position of eversion of the lips by means of the levator menti (Thane, loc. cit., p. 281), 
* ‘ Expression of tlie Emotions,’ 1872, p. 142. 
t Quain’s ‘Anatomy,’ 9tli Edition, vol. 1, 1882, p. 280. 
