OF THE CENTRAL MOTOR INNERVATION OF THE LARYNX. 
199 
This representation of the intrinsic movements of the larynx is not pure except very 
special care be taken to adjust the strength of the excitation sufficiently to prove a 
minimal stimulus to the point excited, j^.s a rule, it is accompanied by movements of 
the tongue and of the pharynx, e.g., swallowing. Occasionally, however, we have 
obtained movements of the vocal cords without any concomitant action elsewhere. 
We have never, in the adult Dog, witnessed abduction, although we have explored the 
whole of the frontal lobe on its orbital and external nasal surfaces completely. 
Respiration. —V/e now proceed to remark upon the representation of respiratory 
movements of the laiynx also to be found in the cortex of the adult Dog. We have 
found that tlie following conditions may be produced with absolute certainty. 
a. Acceleration of Respiratory Movements of the Vocal Cords. —This is chiefly 
represented just above the focus for the movements of the adduction of the cords, i.e., 
just in the middle of the lower third of the prsecrucial gyrus, but excitation of 
the whole of the prsecrucial gyrus as a rule produces this effect in diminishing degree, 
as we move from the focal point just mentioned. In the performance of this act the 
abduction of the vocal cords is, as a rule, diminished in extent, as has already been 
mentioned in speaking of their phonatory representation in the same area, but they 
otherwise present the ordinary alternate rhythm of abduction and adduction. 
Before passing to the next point observed we must here make a few remarks upon 
this extraordinary result, because it has not been, so far as we know, described in 
connexion with any function other than the respiratory. 
Quickening of resf)iration has very properly been termed by PtiCHETt polypnoea, 
and has been proved by him to be the means whereby the thermo-taxic apparatus 
restores the equilibrium of the body by providing for extra loss or dissipation of heat. 
Furthei', work of a memorable kind has been done upon this subject by Ott,| who 
has directed special attention to this point, and has produced by excitation the same 
acceleration of respiration, but from excitation of the internal capsule. {Vide our 
remarks on the internal capsule.) We provisionally quite agree with the conclusions 
and explanations offered by these writers, and we would here remark, that so far as 
we can see, the results obtained by Ch:ristiani,§ and probably those by Martin and 
Booker, II are to be explained as the results of excitation of the fibres leading down 
from this very extensive and cortical representation of the respiratory acceleration 
* ['While this paper was passing through the press Munk published, in the 2nd edition of his 
‘ Gesammelte Mittheilungen iiber die Functionen der Grosshirnrinde,’ a statement on p. 178 to the effect 
that we have confounded the focal representation of phonatiou with laryngeal movements when accom¬ 
panied by associated movements of the mouth, pharynx, &c. The jnscice of this statement we leave to 
the opinion of our readers.—August, 1890.] 
t ‘ La Chaleur Animate.’ 
J ‘ Laboratory Researches,’ Easton, Pa. 
§ ‘ Zur Physiologie des Gehirnes.’ Berlin, 1885. 
II ‘ Journal of Phy.siology,’ vol. 1, 1881. 
