FISHES-COTTIDAE—COTTOPSIS ASPER. 
51 
and generally well developed. The ventrals are situated under the pectorals, posteriorly to the 
base of the latter fins, and composed of a small number of rays. The pectorals themselves are 
very large, broad, or expanded, with their inferior rays undivided (though articulated) and pro¬ 
jecting beyond the interradial membrane, which is emarginated. 
We observe three complete gills and a half one ; the last gill aperture being wanting. The 
complete gills are those which are composed of two branchial combs ; the half gill having liut 
one-of these. 
The teeth are mostly of the velvet-like type, varying but little according to the genera. They 
occur upon the jaws in all; but the palate may be either entirely smooth, or else velvet¬ 
like teeth may occur upon the front of the vomer, or along the palatine bones also. 
Were it not for their large and spiny head, and the repugnance of fishermen of handling 
them, the cottoids would be seen oftener in our markets, particularly the large marine species, 
which are quite palatable, especially when stewed or made into chowders. The wounds which 
they may inflict with their spines, supposed venomous, being the chief cause why the American 
seacoast people are unwilling to have anything to do with them. On a few occasions, however, 
when other fishes were scarce, we have seen the “ sculpin’’ caught with hook and line, decapi¬ 
tated on being hauled up, and thus carried home; a safe method, indeed. Another reason 
for the antipathy of fishermen towards the “ sculpin,” is the mischief caused to their nets when¬ 
ever it gets entangled into them. 
COTTOPSIS, Girard. 
Gen. Char. —Head perfectly smooth ; small spines upon the opercular apparatus, especially the prcopercle. Mouth mode¬ 
rately cleft ; jaws equal. Teeth upon the premaxillaries, dentaries, front of vomer, and palatines. Gill openings separated 
beneath by an isthmus ; branchiostegals six in number. Dorsal fins contiguous upon their base ; anterior one lower than the 
posterior. Caudal sub-convex posteriorly. Insertion of ventrals under the base of pectorals. Skin beset with minute prickles. 
Lateral line continuous from head to tail, sometimes falling slightly upon the peduncle of the tail. 
Syn. — Cottopsis, Grd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Ill, 1850, 303.; Smith. Contr. to Knowled. Ill, 1852, 61. ; Sc, Nouv. 
Mem Soc. Helv. Sc. Nat. XII, 1851, 185. 
The natural characters of this fresh water genus approximate it closely to Leptocottus of marine 
habits. The chief points in which they differ are observed in the gape of the mouth, the relative 
length of the jaws, and the structure of the skin. The spines on the preopercle might afford 
some minor distinctive marks; but so far as the physiognomy of these two genera is concerned, 
nothing is more distinct. 
1. COTTOPSIS ASPER, Grd. 
"Spec. Char. —Origin of first dorsal opposite the insertion of the upper ray of pectorals. First ray of anal under the fourth of 
second dorsal. Tip of pectorals extending to a vertical line passing posterior to the vent. Skin generally prickly ; lateral line 
slightly deflected upon the peduncle of the tail. Greyish white, studded with clove-brown spots ; beneath speckled. 
Syn. — Cottus asper, Rich. Faun. Bor. Amor. Ill, 1836, 295 and 313, PI. xcv, fig. 1. 
Trachidermis richardsoni, Heck. Ann. Wien. Mus. II, 1837, 162. 
Centridermichthys asper, Rich. Yoy. Sulph. Ichthyol. 1844, 74 ; [&, Rep. Ichthyol. China and Japan (Rep. Brit. Assoc.) 
Cottopsis asper, Grd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Ill, 1850, 303 ; Nouv. Mem. Soc.Helv. Sc. Nat. XII, 1851,185 ; Sc, 
Smith. Contrib. to Knowled. Ill, 1852, 62. 
Some years ago, while preparing for publication the fresh water members of the cottoid group, 
it was with a sense of deep regret thar we saw the work passing through the press without 
having had an opportunity of studying from nature the species at that time known to inhabit 
Columbia river. A succession of fortunate events have placed in my hands a series of specimens of 
