100 
U. 8. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS-ZOOLOGY—GENERAL REPORT. 
edge of the preopercle is finely denticulated, whilst two flattened and tapering spines may he 
observed upon the upper and posterior margin of the opercle imbedded in the integuments. 
The scales covering the upper surface and sides of the head are well developed, and as large 
upon the cheeks as on the opercle. The branchial apertures are continuous under the throat, 
the branchial rays being seven in number on either side. 
The anterior dorsal fin is subtriangular, composed of eleven rays, properly speaking, the 
fourth being the highest; the third and fifth are equal and a little shorter than the fourth; the 
eleventh is the smallest of all. Two other small spines may he observed, one immediately at 
the anterior margin of the second dorsal, whilst the other is intermediate between the two fins. 
The second dorsal itself is highest anteriorly, diminishing gradually posteriorly. The anal fin 
is subtrapezoid, nearly as long as deep anteriorly, and slightly concave exteriorly. It does not 
extend as far posteriorly as the dorsal. A rudimentary and an exiguous spine exist anteriorly. 
The caudal is suhcrescentic posteriorly, constituting about the sixth of the total length. The 
insertion of the ventrals corresponds to a vertical line drawn immediately behind the base of the 
pectorals, and a little in advance of the anterior margin of the first dorsal. The spiny ray is 
long and slender, whilst the tips of the soft rays are far from reaching the vent. The pectorals 
are slender and sublanceolated ; their extremities extending as far, if not further, than the tips 
of the ventrals. 
Br. VII: VII; D XIII, 22 ; A II, 12 ; C 4, 1, 8, 7, 1, 3; V I, 5 ; P 16. 
The scales are large, finely pectinated, oblong in shape, deeper than long, with radiating 
grooves upon the anterior section only. The base of the caudal alone is provided with small 
scales ; the lateral line may he traced to near the edge of the latter fin. 
The color is greyish brown above and greyish silvery beneath, the dorsal region being 
occasionally dark clouded. Oblique waving lines of umber brown are quite conspicuous along 
the dorsal region above the lateral line, resulting from a spot on each scale: the scales being 
disposed upon oblique series cause the obliquity of the above lines. The base of the pectorals is 
black interiorly. 
The largest specimens observed are said to have measured eleven inches. 
References to the figures .—Plate XXII C, fig. 1, represents Leiostomus lineatus , size of life. 
Fig. 2 is a dorsal scale. Fig. 3, a scale from the lateral line. Fig. 4, a scale from the 
abdominal region. 
List of specimens. 
No. of specimens. 
Sex and age. 
Locality. 
When collected. 
Whence obtained. 
| Original number. 
Nature of specimens. 
Collected by— 
2 
2 
Adult.... 
San Francisco, California . 
. _ _ do__ 
1857 
1856 
Dr. 0. W. Ayres. 
Lieut. R. S. Williamson.. 
5 
Alcoholic— 
_do. 
Dr. Ayres__ 
Dr. Newberry... 
