158 
U. S. P. E. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS-ZOOLOGY-GENERAL REPORT. 
of soft articulated rays as in the malacopterian order, and the ventrals, abdominal in their 
position, are likewise composed exclusively of soft and articulated rays. The air bladder has no 
air duct leading to the throat. There is no cul-de-sac to the stomach the pyloric appendages 
are also absent. The stomach itself is straight and hardly distinguishable from the intestine 
into which it gradually passes. The pseudobranchiae are glandulous, being covered by the 
mucous membrane of the branchial apertures and hence concealed. The gills are all fully 
developed, the last branchial aperture being also extant. 
Syn. — Scomberesoces, Mull, in TViegm. Archiv fur Naturg. I, 1843, 310; &, I, 1845, 136. 
Scomberesocidae, Owen, Lect. on Comp. Anat. Vertebr. 1846 ,48.— Bd. Iconogr. Encycl. II, 1850, 204. 
As the name implies, the fishes of this family bear some external resemblances to the macque- 
rels ( Scomber ) amongst the Acanthopterians and the pickerels ( Esox ) amongst Physostomians 
or abdominal Malacopterygians. It is one of those instances in which the true characters, the 
ones which decide of the affinities and relationships of a group, are often hidden under forms 
analogous to other groups. 
BELONE, Cuv. 
Gen. Char. —Body very elongated, anguilliform, and very slender. Head long and slender also. Upper jaw formed exclu¬ 
sively by the intermaxillaries, which constitute, together with the lower jaw, a slender and pointed bill. Slender and’conical teeth 
on both jaws, which are margined exteriorly by small prickles or else very exiguous teeth. No lips at all. The roof of the 
mouth generally smooth. Opercle and preopercle smooth. Branchial apertures continuous under the throat. One dorsal fin 
situated very far back and opposed to the anal. Posterior margin of caudal generally emarginated. Ventrals inserted about 
the middle of the body. Upper surface of head, cheeks, and opercular apparatus provided with very small scales. Scales of 
body, small. 
Syn. — Belone, Cuv. Regn. anim. II, 1817,185; 2d ed. II, 1829 ; ed. illustr. Poiss. 233—Cuv. St Val. Hist. nat. des Poiss. 
XVIII, 1846, 389.— DeIvay, New Y. Fauna IV, 1842, 227— Storer, Synops. 1846, 186. 
The species of this genus are known in the United States under the names of “ bill-fish,” 
“silver gar,” and “gar-fish;” the latter being a misapplication, since it properly belongs to 
the various species of Lejpidosteus. They are by no means common, that is to say, not numer¬ 
ous in individuals, unless they should frequent the deep and inaccessible bottoms. In their 
geographic distribution they extend over a wide range of the temperate zone, although each 
region appears to own its peculiar species. 
BELONE EXILIS, Gird. 
Spec. Char. —Anterior margin of anal situated in advance of the dorsal. Caudal fin moderately emarginated ; inferior lobe 
slightly the largest. Ventral fins small. Scales larger on the flanks than on the dorsal region. Lateral line sub-median, 
inconspicuous. Another line extends from the inferior edge of the branchial openings along the lower portion of the flanks, 
and meets the lateral line above the terminus of the anal fin. Back dark green ; middle of flanks silvery ; lower half of sides 
and belly rufous. Fins olivaceous ; upper ones dark, lower ones lighter. 
Syn. — Belone exilis, Grd. in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. VII, 1854, 149. 
The entire length of the specimen described measures about twelve inches and a half, the 
head forming a little less than the third of it. The body is very slender, tapering gradually 
posteriorly, and sub-cylindrical: the depth being somewhat greater than the width. The 
occipito-frontal region is flattened and the inter-ocular region longitudinally grooved. The eye 
