266 
U. S. P. R. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS-ZOOLOGY—GENERAL REPORT. 
2. CYPRINELLA UMBROSA, Grd. 
Plate LVIII, Figs, 1—5. 
Spec. Char —Body rather short; back very much arched. Peduncle of tail robust. Head constituting more than the fifth 
of the total length. Eye well developed and circular; its diameter entering four times in the length of the side of the head. 
Posterior extremity of maxillary reaching a vertical line drawn in front of the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin equidistant 
between the tip of the snout and the insertion of the caudal. Origin of ventrals situated slightly in advance of the anterior 
margin of the dorsal. Pectorals moderate. Greyish red above; greyish yellow beneath. Fins unicolor. 
Syn. — Cyprinella umbrosa , Grd. in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. VIII, 1856, 197. 
Also a deep bodied species, much, larger than the preceding, indeed the largest of the species 
hitherto known of its genus. The ventral outline is as much arched as that of the hack. The 
greatest depth, taken at the anterior margin of the dorsal, is equal to the third of the length, 
the caudal fin excluded. The entire length measures about three inches and a quarter, the 
caudal fin being a little shorter than the greatest depth. The nape is a little depressed; the head 
constitutes the fourth of the length, the caudal fin excluded. The eye is circular ; its diameter 
entering about four times in the length of the side of the head. The dorsal fin is higher than 
long ; its anterior margin is nearer the tip of the snout than the insertion of the caudal. The 
insertion of the ventrals is a little in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal; their tips 
reaching the vent. The pectorals are of moderate development; their tips not extending as far 
as the origin of the ventrals. The anal is deeper than long ; its anterior margin being nearer 
the isthmus than tbe tip of the inferior lobe of the caudal. 
D2,8 + l; A 2, 9 +1 ; C 3, 1, 9, 8, 1, 4 ;• Y 1, 8 ; P 14. 
The scales are large, considerably larger than long, obscurely lozange-shaped, somewhat 
tapering upwards and downwards. The radiating furrows appear to be much fewer in the scales 
of tbe lateral line and those above it than in the scales below. The lateral line itself describes 
a downwards curve upon the middle region of the abdomen, being much nearer the insertion of 
the ventrals than the base of the dorsal fin. The dorsal region is greyish red, or light reddish 
brown, whilst the ventral region is greyish yellow, or yellowish olive. The dorsal and caudal 
are greyish olive ; the other fins being yellowish or light straw color. 
References io the figures .—Plate LVIII, fig. 1, represents Cyprinella umbrosa, from Coal 
creek, and size of life. Fig. 2, is a section of the body across the line of greatest depth. Fig. 
3, a dorsal scale. Fig. 4, a scale from the lateral line. Fig. 5, a scale from the abdominal 
region. 
List of specimens . 
Catal. 
No. 
Cor. No. of 
teeth. 
No. of 
specs. 
Age. 
Locality. 
When col¬ 
lected. 
Whence obtained. 
Orig’l 
No. 
Natuie of 
specimens. 
Collected by— 
134 
2713 , 
g 
Adult.. 
Coal creekj Arkansas. 
1853 
Lt. A. W. Whipple. 
VI. 
Alcoholic .... 
H. B. Molhausen... 
133 
2712 
2 
....do. 
20 miles west of Choctaw 
1853 
.do.. 
g y 
