FISHES-SALMONIDAE—SALMO SCOULERI. 
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Syn .—Salmones, Cuv. Regn. Anim. II, 1817, 159 ; 2d ed. II, 1829 ; &, ed. illustr. Poiss. 253. —Mull, in Wiegm. Archiv 
fur. Naturg. 1843, I, 323 ; &, 1845,1, 131 & 136. 
Salmonidae, Bonap. Sagg. Distr. Anim. Vertebr. 1831, 115.— DeKay, New Y. Faun. IV, 1842, 235.— Storer, 
Synops. 1846, 192. 
Salmonoideae, Richards. Faun. Bor. Amer. Ill, 1836, 137. 
The Salmonid family, as characterised above, corresponds to the limits assigned to it by 
Professor Joh. Muller, in whose recent death science has sustained one of the most severe losses. 
His profound anatomical researches have often guided us through these pages wherever the 
characters of higher groups were at stakes. 
SALMO, (Artedi),V alenc. 
Gen. Char. —Body fusiform in profile ; head large ; mouth generally deeply cleft, and armed with conspicuous teeth. Pre- 
maxillar bones short, and rather situated upon the sides of the snout than immediately upon its extremity. The maxillaries 
are attached behind them, and composed each of a single piece. The lower jaw is strong, and terminates mostentimes into a small 
knob or tubercle, which, in some species, acquires a very great development. Strong and conical teeth, disposed upon a single 
row, are implanted upon the dentary. A few teeth on the front of Jhe vomer, none on the shaft of that bone; a single row of them 
is also observed along the palatines, and two rows upon the pterygoids and upon the tongue. There is one anterior dorsal 
fin, followed posteriorly by a small adipose more or less thick. The caudal fin is well developed, and either truncated posteriorly 
or slightly emarginated. 
Syn — Salmo, Arted. Gen. Pise, ed Walbanmi, 1792, 58; &, Synon. Pise, 1793,22.—Cov. Rbgn. Anim. II, 1817, 160; 
2d ed. II, 1829; &, ed. illustr. Poiss., 254.— Richards. Faun. Bor. Amer. Ill, 1836,137.— DeKay, New 
Y. Faun. IV, 1842, 235.— Storer, Rep. Fish. Mass. 1839, 104; and, Synops. 1846, 192.— Valenc. in Cuv. 
and Val. Hist. nat. Poiss. XXI, 1848, 166.— Grd. in Proc. Acad. Nat Sc. Philad. VIII, 1856, 217. 
The scales in all the species have that common character of being deprived of those radi¬ 
ating grooves or furrows which, are seen elsewhere to extend from the organic centre of the 
scale to its periphery. The concentric, or lines of growth, are the only ones extant, and in 
many instances they are interrupted, or else have become obsolete upon the posterior section of 
the scale. In many instances, also, they have disappeared from the organic centre itself, which, 
under the microscope, appear perfectly homogeneous. Generally speaking, their outline is 
sub-elliptical, elongated in the direction of the longitudinal or horizontal axis of the body. 
Differences of minor value may be observed in each species. As to the size of the scales in this 
and the next two genera, they are either minute, small, or of moderate development. 
The genus Salmo is here admitted within the limits assigned to it hv Professor Valenciennes 
in the “ Histoire naturelle des Poissons,” including the anadromous salmons, together with 
the so-called “brook trouts,” and others still, inhabiting the depths of ponds and lakes, 
showing themselves hut once a year along shore for the purpose of depositing their spawn. 
1. SALMO SCOULERI, Richards. 
Spec. Char. —A specific diagnosis, from want of perfect specimens, could not be drawn with sufficient accuracy to be intro 
duced here. 
Syn. — Salmo scouleri, Richards. Faun. Bor. Amer. Ill, 1836, 158, and 223, pi. xcm.— -DeKay, New Y. Faun. IV, 
1842, 242. —Storer, Synops. 1846, 194. — Salar scouleri, Vai.enc. in Cuv. Val. Hist. nat. Poiss XXI, 1848, 
345.— Grd. in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. VIII, 1856, 217. 
The “ Ekewan,” as this species is called by the natives of the Columbia river, we can simply 
allude to, since the only materials which we have had to work upon is a head about eleven 
inches in length. Its physiognomy corresponds altogether with the figure of that species given 
39 a 
