Crawford.] 50 
[April s, 
c. Fragments of unadorned pottery found near the stone 
images, cemented in the debris of a well-'marked snbsidence, all 
discovered in the small valley on the west face of the mountain 
island of Momotombito. No other works of aborigines, menhirs, 
dolmans, or mortnary stones, have been discovered on this island. 
Locality. The Island of Momotombito is located about Long. 
86° 36' west and Lat. 12° 30' north near the western 
termination of Lake Xocotlan (Managua)^ and about twenty- 
seven miles east of the Pacific Ocean ; from the observatory or 
temple at the top of the cerro there is an unobstructed view west- 
ward to the Pacific Ocean ; the vapor-emitting, volcanic cone 
Momotombo (altitude 6,650 feet) is five miles southeast of the 
water line of the lake. 
The summit of the mountain Momotombito is about 2,500 feet 
above the lake (about 2,626 feet above the Pacific Ocean) and has 
a cone-shaped base, about 9,000 feet in diameter, at the upper 
surface of the lake ; it is composed of minerals that transformed 
into rocks and hardened slowly from hydrothermal, plastic, or 
viscons masses, which were elevated to their present or greater 
heights by forces acting vertically from beneath, but so slowly as 
to ])ermit the crystalization of several of the minerals, and the 
cooling and contracting were so regular as to cause the jointing 
and division of the mass into cuboidal orparallelopipedal blocks, 
those at the surface generally measuring about 3x4x9 feet 
each ; in some places, however, the blocks or masses are much 
larger and more irregular and have been turned upon the edge oi- 
end at various angles to about 60 degrees. 
Geological evidences on the island and neighboring mainland 
exisf^ showing that the vertical elevation evolving this island was 
commenced in the Pliocene epoch and continited during the Glacial 
epoch until completed to at least its present size and altitude 
and that probably its vertical elevation was in resjjonse to the 
depressing weight of ice that accumulated in the Glacial epoch in 
Nicaragua on the Amerrique range of mountains^ about forty 
1 For localities I use the oldest names of the ab(irij;iiies in order to preservr them for 
future ethnological study. 
•■2 Described in "Cerro Vicgo and its volcanic cones in Nicarnsna" before the Anier. 
assoc. adv. sci., at Kochester, 1892. 
•' This range of mountains is the southern termination of the "Cordilleras" in Nica- 
ragua and is not synchronous with, but older than, the Cordilleras in Costa Rica to the 
soulh and in Honduras to the northwest. 
