Fewkes] 428 [Jan.=, 
Xovciiibei* 1.') (third day). — Processions and eccentric dances 
at intervals, with phallic survivals and drenching of the celel)rants 
A\ath water and other liquids. 
November 16 (fourth day). — Invocation to the world quarter 
divinities. Sand altar made in Alkiva. Midnight songs. Pro- 
cessionals and dances, with accompanjdng drenching of the 
participants by the women spectators. 
Xovember 17 (fifth da}^). — Processions, dance.s, and phalUc 
rites. Offerings at Tawapa, the shrine of Talatunisi^ and the 
sun shrine. Purification {Navotchca), and casting the embers of 
the new fire over the cliffs, with accompanjdng invocations. 
The Wilwutciniti^ as the N^aaaiaiya^ ceYevaonY of new fire, was 
performed by four societies : the WuioutcimtH^ Kwakv^antH^ 
Tataiikyam.'OL^ and AaltH. The Naacnaiya does not occur every 
year, but when it does occur it seems to exert a pi-ofound influ- 
ence on several other ceremonials. The Lalakonti^ Mamzrauti^ 
Xinumkutcitia, snake dance, flute" ceremony are always nine days 
long or close on the sixteenth day after ofificial announcement, 
but on the yeai's when the Wiliciltcimti occurs abbreviations may 
be expected in Soyaluna^ PovmmH, and PalulukoMi. 
Some facts in regard to the origin of the sacred paraphernalia 
are instructive. The fetishes of the Wuviltcimtil were brought 
to Walpi, it is said, by the Squash people, now extinct. Siinoitiwa, 
the chief of this society, belongs to the Asa people, but his father 
was the last of the Squash, and on his death, as there were no 
women left of this family, he obtained the chieftaincy in an 
irregular maimer. 
The Pieb oi- Tobacco family are said to have brought the 
fetishes of the TataukyamU to Walpi, and the Honauth (Bear) 
and Pakah (Reed) peoples each brought a set of fetishes of the 
Aaltu^ consequently there are to-day two chiefs, each with his own 
tipom., in this organization. The Patki (Water house) people, 
the legend runs, introduced the fetishes of the Kwak^imntH. 
1 An exhaustive study of the Saiirnaiiin is yet to Ite made, and one must observe 
flue caution in {generalizations based on the incomplete observations which have 
thus far been i)ublished. It is also desirable that the new lire ceremonials at Zufii 
should be described for comparative purposes. Nothing of any value has yet been 
published on this interesting rite in any but the Tusayan pueblos. 
