«895-] 521 [Annual Meeting. 
required to become familiar Avith about 200 of the commonest 
species of minerals and a much larger number of varieties. The 
final lesson of the course was devoted to a summing up of the 
principles of the science and a statement of its natural relations. 
Examinations comprising all of the subjects that had ali-eady been 
studied formed an important part of work at each exercise. 
These consisted of questions and of the identification of spe- 
cimens with a statement of their composition and place in the 
classiHcation. No final examination was held, but in its place an 
essay upon the subject was required to be handed in before the 
beginning of the course in lithology next winter. 
Dr. Robert C. Greenleaf, with his usual completeness and 
success, gave a course upon fossil plants in continuation and con- 
clusion of the series of lessons begun four years ago. 
The first year of this series was spent upon structural, physio- 
logical, and morphological botany, the second year upon a sys- 
tematic study of phanerogams, and the third upon a similar 
review of the cryptogams. 
Forty-three persons joined the class this year, and of these 
twenty-four were members of the previous year's class. There 
were fifteen exercises of two hours each, beginning, ISTovember 3, 
1894, and ending, March 2, 1895, and a final examination on 
March 16. The exercises consisted of a brief written examina- 
tion and a lecture followed by laboratory work. The average 
attendance was 31. Twenty-seven persons took the final exam- 
ination, passing as follows : seventeen with honor, eight with 
credit, and two w-ith pass marks. There were no failures and 
the general standard of the answers was exceptionally good. 
The method of presentation of the subject was essentially that 
which has proved of value in previous years; viz., of using a 
considerable amount of laboratory material and of grouping 
varied facts synoptically about siinple types explained in the 
lecture demonstration. The duplicate fossil specimens of the 
Society were freely used by this class, and one hundred and 
thirty-six specimens, including ninety determined species and 
their duplicates, Avere given out for stud3^ Most of these were 
carefully figured by each member of the class. In addition to 
these specimens many others Avere shown on the lecture table. 
