126 PROCEEDINGS: BOSTON SOCIETY NATURAL HISTORY. 
and may be wholly wanting in adults; but is always conspicuous in 
young specimens of the size here described [62 mm.]." Further, he 
adds that it "may eventually prove to be identical with A. imherhis, 
if the young of the latter are ever seen to lack the caudal spot and to 
possess an opercular spot. Such accounts as we have of the species 
do not indicate this. The American records of A. iviberhis are all 
doubtful, and the species should be omitted from our lists until 
its occurrence in American waters is verified. It seems improbable 
that this common Mediterranean form should have been found at 
Newport, Rhode Island, and at Fernando da Noronha Island, Brazil." 
Pre\-iously Jordan and Evermann had identified it with Apogon 
iviberhis, also stating that it was wrongly identified by Cope as Apogon 
americanus. Their examples of the latter, from Bahia, differ in the 
smaller head, larger maxillary, larger eye, one less ray in soft dorsal, 
much fewer scales, more gill-rakers on upper part of arch, and dark 
spots on head, snout, and cheeks. Though following the above action 
in 1906, I pointed out that Cope's example " differs a little from Medi- 
terranean examples in the Bonaparte Coll. in having a shorter pectoral, 
though this may be associated with youth, as it only measures 3| inches. 
In this respect, however, it approaches Castelnau's figure, which was 
based on an example nearly 4 inches long, equal in size to my Mediter- 
ranean ones." I am convinced that its identity with A. imherhis 
(Linne) is erroneous. The five Italian examples mentioned show 
certain slight differences which are all constant. Foremost is the 
^'ery large preopercular membranous flap concealing largely the 
subopercle and interopercle, the much longer pectorals, and the more 
robust or deeper head. Further, they all show traces of the dark 
blotch at the base of the caudal fin. Other characters are: head 2^ to 
2|; depth 2f to 2|; D. VI-I, 9; A. II, 8; scales in lateral line 24 or 25 
to caudal base and 4 or 5 more on latter; 3 scales above lateral line 
to soft dorsal origin; 8 below to spinous anal origin; 6 predorsal 
scales; snout 4^ to 5 in head, measured from upper jaw tip; eye 3^ 
to 3^; maxillary 1| to 2; interorbital 4| to 43-; gill-rakers i to iii, 
2 or 3 + 10 or 11, 11 to iv; length 3| to 4| inches. Cuvier ^ gives a 
crude figure as Mullus imherhis which shows a dark blotch on the 
caudal peduncle. Later Valenciennes figures it as Apogon rcx-mul- 
lorum - in color, which is uniform red and without spots. He indi- 
1 Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1815, vol. 1, p. 236, pi. 11, lower fig. 
2 R^ne Animal, Poiss., ed. luxe, 1339, pi. 7, fig. 2. 
