254 PROCEEDINGS: BOSTON SOCIETY NATURAL HISTORY. 
deria curvicauda septentrionalis, is also apparently restricted to 
this zone, and the Northern Sedge Locust, Mecostethus gracilis, 
is rarely found outside of it. Three other boreal species : Cam- 
nida pelhicida, Circotettix verruadatus, and Melanoplus borealis, 
accompany them and extend farther south in limited numbers, 
the first two reaching northern Connecticut, and the third 
northern Massachusetts on both the western and the central 
highlands. 
The Austral zone is characterized by a much higher mean 
temperature and milder winters, and covers only the lowlands of 
Connecticut and southern Massachusetts. Typical Orthoptera 
inhabiting it are: Orphulella olivacea, Amblycorypha floridana 
carinata, Neoconocephahis exiliscanorus, N. retusus, Conocephalus 
saltans, Ceuthophilus gracilipes, Eritettix simplex, Oecanthus 
exclamationis, and Anaxipha exigua. Additional species of Aus- 
tral derivation which extend farther north, reaching southwestern 
Maine, southern New Hampshire, or at least eastern Massa- 
chusetts are : Paratettix cucullatus, Dichromorpha viridis, Sphar- 
agemon saxatile, Schistocerca alutacea rubiginosa, Pterophylla 
camellifolia, and, near the coast: Orphulella pelidna, Paroxya 
clavuliger, Neoconocephalus robustus, Conocephalus spartinae, 
and Trimeroiropis maritima. The two last and Orphulella olivacea 
are confined to the immediate sea-coast. 
Another element in our fauna is represented by Melanoplus 
viridipes, which occurs along our western border from south- 
western Massachusetts to northern Vermont. This species con- 
nects us with the Mississippi Valley fauna. It is probable that 
additional species from this direction will yet be found to inhabit 
New England. 
The majority of our remaining species are distributed widely 
in the Transition belt of the country east of the Great Plains, 
some in the Transition and Boreal, more in the Transition and 
Austral; a few species extend even to the Pacific Ocean. 
While many more data must be secured before it will be pos- 
sible to map accurately and completely the distribution of all of 
our species, the following lists may be helpful and suggestive. 
Some shifting will probably be necessary in case of the less 
known species. 
