JOHNSTON: FLORA OF MARGARITA ISLAND. 275 
Bromelia Pinguix. Maya. 
GossYPiUM BARBADENSE. Algodou. 'Sl'Awx haiiimocks are hand- 
made from cotton on Margarita. See Ernst : La Exposicion nacional 
de Venezuela en 1883, pages 560, 561 for quotation describing method 
of making hammocks according to A. A. Level, La Margarita, pages 
Ixviii and Ixix. 
MusA PARADisiACA. Platano. 
TOURNEFORTIA HIRSUTISSIMA. Niguo. 
Tragia volubilis. Pringamosa Morada. 
Palm A Carana so called by the natives and mentioned by Ernst. 
Its specific identity is doubtful. The leaves are used to make brooms, 
ropes, etc. 
GUMS AND RESINS. 
AcHRAS Zapota. Gum Chicle. Milk juice obtained by incision 
in bark. Tapping may occur once in three years without danger to 
life of tree. The raw milk is boiled and then allowed to harden into 
the gum. Used for chewing gum. 
BuRSERA GUMMiFERA. Resiiia indio desnudo. 
Cercidium viride. Res na de cuica 6 yaho. This resin exudes 
from the bark of the stem and branches, covering them in a continu- 
ous layer. It is used by soap manufacturers. 
Clusea rosea. Resina de Copey. 
Hymenaea Courbaril. Resina de algarrobo. The resin exudes 
from the stem and roots of the tree and is often found in a semi-fluid 
state in the soil. It may be vised for making varnish, like copal. Is 
used for incense. 
Spondias lutea. Goma de jobo. 
DYES AND TANNIN. 
BiXA ORELLANA. Onoto. The seeds are covered with a deep red 
pulp which hardens when dry, and being separated from the seeds 
forms the arnatto of commerce, used by dyers and varnish-makers 
also for coloring cheese and butter. The South American Indians 
paint their bodies with it. 
Caesalpin a coriaria. Dividive. The pods contain from 30 to 
40% tannin and form an important article of exportation from several 
ports of Venezuela. 
