VAN NAME: COMPOUND ASCIDIANS. 351 
1873. Botryllus Goiddii \'('rrill ami Smith, Report on Invertebrate Animals 
of Vineyard Somid, pp. 702, 375 (378), 389, (393, 483), pi. 33, figs. 
252, 253. 
1879. Botryllus Gouldii Verrill and Rathlnm, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 2, 
p. 231. 
1879. Botryllus Gouldii Verrill. Preliminary Check-List of Marine Inverte- 
brates, p. 27. 
1889. Botryllus gouldii McDonald, Rep. Comra. Fish and Fisheries for 1886, 
p. 858. 
1891. Botryllus Schlosseri + B. Gouldii Herdman, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, 
Zool., vol. 23, p. 607. 
1898. Botryllus Davenport, Science, new ser., vol. 8, p. 686. 
1900. Botryllus gouldi Metcalf, Zool. Jahrbiicher, Anat., vol. 13, p. 522, 
pi. 37, fig. 38-40 (ganglion, neural gland, etc.). 
1903. Botryllus schlosseri Bancroft, Proc. California Acad. Sei., ser. 3, zool., 
vol. 3, no. 5. 
1909. Botryllus gouldi + B. schlosseri Hartmeyer, Bronn's Tier-reich, vol. 
3, suppl., pp. 1378, 1379. 
Bancroft (1903), after a long study of the life hi.storv of BotrylIu,s 
colonies, both in America (Wood's Hole and Newport) and Eunjpe 
(Naples), concludes that "in Botryllus, as it occurs in Europe and the 
Atlantic Coast of North America, color characters cannot be used for 
separating species; and that, therefore, since none of the described 
species have been based upon morphological characters, there is no 
valid reason for recognizing more than the single species B. schlosseri 
(Pallas, 1766, pp. 355-356) Savigny (1816)." He further says: 
"It might be thought that B. gouldii (Verrill, 1S71, p. 211) of the 
Atlantic Coast of North America should be excepted in this general 
lumping of species; but so far as can be seen at present, there is no 
ground for making an exception, for Botryllus at Wood's Hole and at 
Newport exactly resembles Botryllus at Naples. In the main, even 
the same color variations are met with; but their relative commonness 
differs somewhat in the three localities." In the present paper, the 
WTiter accepts this view, but will not attempt to cite further the litera- 
ture or synonyms referring to this species as it occurs in Europe. The 
following descriptions and remarks upon its growth and distribution 
refer to it as it occtirs in American waters. 
Verrill says of this species (Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 375) that 
when young it "forms thin, soft, circular or oval incrustations 
These young colonies begin to appear in June and grow very rapidly, 
new individuals being formed by buds that originate from the first 
