VAN NAME: COMPOUND ASCIDIANS. 357 
Whiteaves (1901, p. 2G6) records a " Botrijllm," the present species 
with httle doubt, from the Gulf of St. Lawrence (half way between 
Pointe de :Monts and the west end of Trinity Bay, 96 fathoms; and 
15 miles SSE. of Bonaventure Island, 50 fathoms). Stimpson (1854, 
p. 19) mentions a bright green compound ascidian from Grand Manan, 
which "approximated in character the genus BotrijUoides" and may 
have been a color variety of this species. The specimens collected 
by Verrill were purple, if his statement to this effect is meant to apply 
to the living as well as to the preserved specimens. 
According to Hartmeyer (1903), who has carefully described it, 
this species is very common about Spitzbergen, Bear Island, the 
northern coast of Norway, and the Murman coast of Russia, occurring 
in shallow water and to a depth of 100 fathoms. It occurs also off 
Greenland (Vanhoffen). Bjerkan (1905) reports a specimen from 
250 meters depth. Sars's type was from Norway. Hartmeyer's 
description is based on the study of material from many localities, 
including the type of Botrylloides rugosum Gottschaldt from Spitz- 
bergen, and Vanhoffen's example from Greenland (Karajafiord). 
This species is clearly distinct from Bofnjlloidcs nigrum Herdman, 
which occurs at Bermuda. B. nigrum has considerably smaller 
zooids, which are arranged in very complex branching systems. 
Family PEROPHORIDAE Giard, 1872. 
Genus Perophora Wiegmann, 1S3.5. 
Body short and wide; both apertures with lobes. Branchial sac 
with but four rows of stigmata. Transverse vessels with stout papillae 
bearing anteriorly and posteriorly directed branches, some of which 
are joined to the branches of papillae of other transverse vessels, 
forming an incomplete system of internal longitudinal vessels. Median 
dorsal vessel with three languets, one opposite the origin of each pair 
of transverse vessels. 
Perophora viridis Verrill. 
Text-fig. 3. 
1571. Perophora viridis Verrill, Amer. Jouni. Sci., ser. .3, vol. 2, p. 359. 
1572. Perophora viridis Verrill, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 3, p. 211. 
1873. Perophora viridis Verrill and Smith, Report on Invertebrate Animals 
of Vineyard Sound, pp. 702, 388, 401. 
