406 PROCEEDINGS: BOSTON SOCIETY NATURAL HISTORY. 
rough handling. Each lobule generally contains a single circular or 
oval system of zooids with a cloacal orifice in the center, and at the 
upper and larger end is 5 mm. to 10 mm. or more in diameter, the 
length depending on the height of the colony. In regularly hemispheri- 
cal specimens the lobules are often very regular in size and form. In 
general, those near the edges of the colony are more completely divided 
off, and tend to diverge from the central mass and from each other, 
while the central lobules, especially where the coating of sand is more 
or less imperfect, tend to fuse. The color of the colony depends 
chiefly on that of the sand with which it is incrusted. The zooids 
have the stomach of a bright orange or red color, but the remainder 
of the body is not conspicuously colored. 
The zooids do not differ from those of the form consfcUafum (see 
p. 408), except that they are usually decidedly slenderer and often 
longer (20 mm. to 2.5 mm.) including the post-abdomen, accommo- 
dating themselves to the form of the long narrow lobules. They 
appear to have as a general rule two or three more rows of stigmata 
in the branchial sac (about 12 to 14 instead of 9 to 11) than those of 
the consfeUatum form. 
According to Professor Verrill, this form is found from North 
Carolina to Vineyard Soimd. There are specimens in the collection 
from Station 775 (near Dutch Island, Xarragansett Bay, R. I., 8 
fathoms, sand and shells) and from Stonington, Conn. Leidy's type 
was from Point Judith, R. I., where he fovuid it abundant. This is 
exclusively a shallow-water form. 
It is, however, in Vineyard Sound, in from 6 to 12 fathoms, that it 
is found in the greatest abundance, and in the largest and most char- 
acteristic colonies. The wide extent of sandy bottom which is kept 
more or less stirred up by the strong tidal currents makes the locality 
an ideal one for the development of this animal. Over large areas the 
bottom is so thickly covered with the colonies that the dredge will often 
come up solidly filled with them. 
Amaroucium pellucidum form constellatum (Verrill). 
Text-fig. 2.3; PI. 36. figs. 4, 5; PI. 38, fig. 9. 
1871. Amourouciuvi constellatum \'errill, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3. vol. 2, 
p. 359. 
1872. Amourouciu77i constellatum \'errill, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 3, 
p. 211. 
