VAN NAME: COMPOUND ASCIDIANS. 407 
1873. Amnroccium constellatum Verrill and Smith, Report on Invertebrate 
Animals of Vineyard Sound, pp. 704, 388, 393, 403 (411, 424). 
1879. Amoroecium constellatum Verrill and Rathbvm, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 2, p. 231. 
1879. Amaroecium constellatum Verrill, Preliminary Check-list of Marine 
Invertebrates, p. 27. 
1889. Amoroecium constellatum McDonald, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fi.sh and Fish- 
eries for 1886, p. 858. 
1891. Amaroucium constellatum Herdman, Joiirn. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 
vol. 23, p. 628 (listed under heading "unrecognizable Polyclinidre"). 
1898. Amaroecium constellatum Davenport, Science, new ser., vol. 8, p. 687. 
1900. Amaroecium constellatum Metcalf, Zool. Jahrbiicher, Anat., vol. 13, 
p. 525, pi. 37, fig. 47 (ganglion, neural gland, etc.). 
1909. Amaroucium constellatum Hartmeyer, Bronn's Tier-reich, vol. 3, suppl., 
p. 1466. 
In this form, the colony is usually turbinate, tapering to a somewhat 
narrowed base by which it is attached. The upper surface may be 
nearly flat and the edges abrupt ; in other specimens the upper surface 
is moderately convex and the edges rounded. Such colonies usually 
measure from 10 to 25 mm. in height and the same or rather more in 
width near the summit, the base being more or less contracted (PI. 
3S, fig. 9). These dimensions may be considerably exceeded, but 
more frequently when larger colonies occur, they are made up of 
several such turbinate masses, united at their bases but separated 
above by clefts of greater or less depth. Rarely such divisions are 
wanting, and the colony may form a large hemispherical or somewhat 
flattened mass (PI. 36, figs. 4. 5) attached by a broad base and may 
reach 80 mm. in transverse diameter and 30 to 50 mm. in height. 
The surface of the colony is smooth and its texture gelatinous and 
only moderately firm. Preserved in formaldehyde it becomes quite 
soft. The test is rather opaque, but the deep color of the zooids 
renders them conspicuous in spite of this. In life, the color of the test 
varies from a cream color through various shades of yellow (or more 
frequently flesh color) to a pale orange or reddish. The branchial 
orifices often have six radiating white lines. 
"Anal orifices often surrounded by a pale or whitish border; zooids 
generally orange-yellow; the orifices and tubes with upper part of the 
mantle bright orange, or lemon-yellow; branchial sac usually flesh- 
color or pale yellow, sometimes bright orange; stomach with bright 
orange-red longitudinal glandular ribs; intestine light orange; man- 
