VAN NAME: SIMPLE ASCIDIANS. 445 
the distribution of the ascidians are recorded by Verrill, one more 
species being added by him during this period: 
Ascidia mollis, sp. nov. = Phallusia obliqua. 
In 1873, the first copies of the important " Report upon the Inverte- 
brate Animals of Vineyard Sound" by Verrill and Smith, were dis- 
tributed. This contains much information about the habits and 
distribution of the ascidians, redescribing and figuring some of them. 
An undetermined species of "Glandula" from "Vineyard Sound and 
off Martha's Vineyard, in 10 to 20 fathoms, sand," is recorded. 
In 1874, Tellkampf's "Notes on the Ascidea Manhattensis, De Kay" 
though not correct in some important respects, practically marks the 
beginning of the study of the anatomy and development of the asci- 
dians of this region. 
In the years following this period the systematic study of this 
group of animals in this region advanced but slowly. Many of 
Verrill's later papers contain scattering notices of them, and his 
"Preliminary Check-list of the Marine Invertebrates of the Atlantic 
Coast, from Cape Cod to the Gulf of St. Lawrence" (1879a) contains 
a list of the species recorded from that region. In this list Molgula 
sordida Stimpson was inadvertently added to the list of New England 
ascidians. 
The Challenger expedition, 1873 to 1876, dredged at several stations 
off the Atlantic coast, and the three simple ascidians obtained were 
described by Herdman (1880, 1881, 1882) as new. These were: 
BoUenia elegans, sp. nov. = Pyura ovifera. 
Ascidia falciger a, sp. nov. = Phallusia obliqua. 
Cvleolus suhmi, sp. nov. 
the last being the only one actually a new species. It is a deep-sea 
form, not a member of the New England fauna. Afterward it was 
obtained by the Albatross and described by Verrill (1885a) as Culeolus 
Tanneri, sp. nov. (see p. 543). 
Traustedt dealt with two New England species in two .papers on 
ascidians of other regions. In the first (1880) he redescribed Tethyum 
molle (Stimpson) from original specimens; in the second (1883a) 
he established for a species that proves to be Verrill's Molgula or 
Eugyra pilularis the new genus Bostrichobranchus on account of its 
peculiar branchial sac, and calls it B. manhattensis in the belief that 
it was DeKay's species. The genus is a valid one. What appears to 
