VAN NAME: SIMPLE ASCIDIANS. 497 
Caesira papillosa (Verrill). 
PI. 49, fig. 34-38; PI. 73, fig. 167; text-fig. 14. 
1871. Molgula papillosa Verrill, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 57, fig. 4, b. 
1871. Molgula papillosa Verrill, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 362. 
1872. Molgula papillosa Verrill, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 3, p. 211, pi. 8, 
fig. 4. 
1873. Molgula papillosa Verrill and Smith, Rept. on Invertebrate Animals 
of Vineyard Sound, pp. 699, [495]. 
1874. Molgula papillosa Verrill, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 22, p. 363. 
1874. Molgula papillosa Whiteaves, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 7, p. 7. 
1874. Molgula papillosa Verrill, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 7, p. 43. 
1879. Molgula papillosa Verrill, Preliminary Check-list of Marine Inverte- 
brates, p. 27. 
1883. Molgula tenax Traustedt, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. For. Kjoben- 
havn, p. 110. 
1891. Molgula papillosa + M. tenax Herdman, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, 
Zool., vol. 23, pp. 567, 569. 
1901. Molgula papillosa Kingsley, Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, 
p. 182. 
1903. Molgula tenax Hartmeyer, in Romer and Schaudinn, Fauna Arctica, 
vol. 3, p. 137, pi. 4, fig. 3; pi. 7, fig. 4-9. 
1909. Caesira papillosa + C. tenax Hartmeyer, Bronn's Tier-reich, vol. 3, 
suppl., p. 1324. 
1912. Caesira papillosa Hartmeyer, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. For. 
Kjobenhavn, vol. 63, p. 263. 
1912. Caesira papillosa Hartmeyer, Sitzungsb. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde, 
1912, no. 1, p. 16. 
Professor Verrill's description of the external appearance is as follows: 
" Body free, nearly globular, or transversely suboval, usually slightly 
compressed laterally. Integument rather thin, translucent, the sur- 
face, both of the tubes and body, entirely covered by particles of 
sand, broken shells, foraminifera, etc., which adhere firmly. When 
cleaned the whole surface is thickly covered with prominent granule- 
like papillae and numerous slender fibrous processes; the granules 
are most conspicuous on the tubes, where they usually have a rusty 
color. The tubes are long, subequal, and their bases are separated 
by a space usually greater than their diameters ; they are quite diver- 
gent, both of them curving outward, the anal tube most abruptly. 
The branchial tube is cylindrical, somewhat longer than the anal, 
equal to or exceeding the diameter of the body, the orifice surrounded 
by six, rather long and slender, conical, divergent papillae. The anal 
tube often bends suddenly outward, tapers slightly, and has a small 
