VAN NAME: SIMPLE ASCIDIANS. 515 
Kidney sausage-shaped, its long axis nearly horizontal; situated 
about the middle of the right side. 
An ovary and a testis, entirely separated from each other are present 
on each side. Each ovary is an elongated sac usually somewhat 
larger at the blind end than at that where the opening is situated. 
The eggs, which are comparatively large, develop in its walls (except 
in that wall which lies against the mantle). The walls have deep 
transverse plications, which cause the eggs to look as if arranged in 
irregular columns extending part way across the cavity of the ovary. 
In the left side, the ovary lies outside of the intestinal loop, dorsal to 
and along the middle part of the upper branch of the loop. On the 
right side it has a similar position along the dorsal border of the 
kidney. The testis is an elongated mass of minute pyriform glands 
which are often incompletely two-cleft, or three-cleft. On the left 
side it lies against the inner side of the lower branch of the intestinal 
loop (on that side which lies against the branchial sac). It projects 
a little beyond the ventral border of the intestine, and likewise is 
visible in the small open portion of the loop. On the right side the 
testis lies ventral to the kidney, extending also somewhat around its 
anterior end. This separation of the male and female glands is 
unique, at least among the New England species of this family. 
C. retortiformis is widely distributed in the northern waters of 
Europe, Asia, and America, having been recorded from Spitzbergen, 
the White Sea, etc., the Siberian Arctic Ocean, the northern North 
Pacific (Sitka), Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland, etc. It ranges 
southward along the American Atlantic coast to the southeastern angle 
of Cape Cod, being fairly common about Eastport, Me. It is recorded 
from depths between 1 meter and 150 fathoms, and grows chiefly on 
rocky or other hard bottoms. 
The localities of the specimens examined by the writer are as follows: 
Eastport, Me., and vicinity, many specimens from less than 10 mm. up to 
50 mm. long. 
Station 2699 (N. lat. 45° 04', W. long. 55° 23', 72 fathoms), several specimens, 
the largest 45 mm. long. * 
Casco Bay, Me., one large specimen, 45 mm. long. 
Station 8 (off Baker's Island, Cape Ann, Mass., 20 fathoms, rocky). 
Station 21 (off Baker's Island, Cape Ann, Mass., 26 fathoms, hard gravel 
and stones). 
Station 4 (off Salem, Mass., 22 fathoms, gravelly). 
Off Cape Cod, Mase., locality not specified; one large specimen (51 mm. long). 
