VAN NAME: SIMPLE ASCIDIANS. 527 
One elongate, somewhat sinuously curved, longitudinally placed 
gonad on each side of the body, that of the left side lying entirely 
within the intestinal loop. The posterior end of each gonad is pro- 
duced into a short recurved oviduct ending in a somewhat enlarged 
aperture with a lobed margin. In the specimens examined the ovary 
was in all cases greatly developed, and the entire gonad closely packed 
with eggs of various sizes. The testes were not distinguishable with 
certainty. In most cases the peribranchial cavities contained num- 
erous tailed larvae. 
Ascidia hirsuta Agassiz, 1850, is the young of this species (Verrill, 
1872b). Pyura echinata is widely distributed in the Arctic seas and 
in the waters of northern Europe, including Iceland and Greenland. 
In American waters it is recorded from Labrador and Newfoundland, 
George's Bank and along the coast to Massachusetts and Rhode 
Island. It ranges in depth from low-water mark (in northern locali- 
ties) to 109 fathoms (324 meters in European waters). It is common 
in the Bay of Fundy region, but rare south of Cape Cod. 
The specimens studied by the writer are from these localities: 
Banks of Newfoundland. 
Bay of Fundy, and vicinity of Eastport, Me. (many specimens). 
Casco Bay. 
Stations 972 and 976-984 (Crab Ledge, off Chatham, Mass., 16-33 fathoms, 
sand, gravel, stones), few specimens. 
Off Block Island, R. I., September 2d and 3d, 1874, three small specimens. 
Pyura ovifera (Linnaeus). 
PI. 55, fig. 66; PI. 56, fig. 68-70; PL 67, fig. 133; PL 70, fig. 145; text-fig. 24. 
1767. Vorticella ovifera Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 1319, 
no. 14. 
1816. Bolte.nia ovifera + B. fusiformis Savigny, Mem. Anim. s. Vert., vol. 2 
pp. 88, 140, pi. 1, fig. 1; pi. 5, fig. 1, and pp. 89, 141. 
1838. Ascidia pedunculata Couthouy, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, p. IIL 
1841. Boltenia reniformis Gould, Rept. on Invertebrata of Massachusetts, 
p. 319. 
1843. Boltenia reniformis DeKay, Zool. New York, Mollusca, p. 260, pi. 34, 
fig. 324. 
1850. Boltenia microcosmus Agassiz, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 2, 
p. 1.59. 
1852. Boltenia rubra Stimpson, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, p. 232. 
1854. Boltenia rubra + B. reniformis (?) Stimpson, Smithsonian Contr., vol. 
6, art. 5, p. 20. 
