536 PROCEEDINGS: BOSTON SOCIETY NATURAL HISTORY. 
Stomach rather wide, with a very large hepatic gland consisting of 
numerous closely placed short tubular or rounded diverticula covering 
that surface of the stomach which is turned toward the branchial sac. 
The rest of the stomach wall may exhibit irregular plications. Intes- 
tinal loop short and rather wide. 
Gonads elongate, flask-shaped or tubular, more or less sinuously 
curved, ending in a short oviduct at the dorsal end. They vary in 
number, generally four to seven on a side, the right side usually having 
more than the left. In contracted preserved specimens they often 
appear to be more or less fused together at the blind (ventral) end, 
sometimes apparently forming a single branching mass, but an oviduct 
can be distinguished at the dorsal end of most, if not all, of the 
branches, so that it seems questionable if much actual fusion takes 
place. On the left side the intestine passes between the oviducts 
and the mantle. In the specimens examined the ovaries were very 
well developed and occupied most of the gonad, the testes being few 
and visible only at the posterior end of the ovary where they spread 
out irregularly beyond the border of the latter. Their ducts, however, 
appeared to unite, and running along the ovary, to open on a papilla 
at one side of the oviduct, as in many other ascidians. 
This species is of wide distribution in the waters of northern Europe 
and the Arctic Seas, including Iceland, Greenland and northern Japan. 
In the Puget Sound region it is represented by allied species. On the 
American Atlantic coast it ranges from Labrador and the Gulf of 
Saint Lawrence southward to Massachusetts Bay, being common as 
far south as the Bay of Fundy, and Eastport, Me. 
It prefers a hard bottom affording firm places of attachment, and 
ranges from low-water mark to 120 fathoms in depth. Stimpson 
reports that though occurring at low-water mark at Grand Manan 
it is more common in four or five fathoms. 
The form occurring in the Mediterranean is a distinct species, P. 
papulosa (Linnaeus). 
The specimens examined by the writer were from : 
Labrador coast (collected by J. A. Allen and B. S. Barrow, 1882, and -by A. 
S. Packard). 
Bay of Fundy and Eastport, Me. 
Station 2445 (N. lat. 46° 09' 30", W. long. 49° 48' 30", 39 fathoms, broken 
shells) . 
George's Bank. 
