VAX NAME: SIMPLE ASCIDIAXS. 559 
curved ovary having the end with the orifice directed toward the 
atrial siphon but not produced into an oviduct. The ovary is bor- 
tlered along each side by a comparatively small number of testes which 
are of varying shape, often with several irregular branches. These 
lie a little distance from the ovary; their ducts run to the ovary, 
upon whose free surface they unite to form the common sperm duct, 
which extends along on the middle line of the ovary, ending a little 
short of the termination of the latter. The testes become smaller, of 
simpler form, and fewer toward the dorsal ends of the ovaries, and 
are sometimes wanting altogether along that part of them. 
Recorded distribution from Massachusetts Bay (type locality, 
Boston Harbor, 4 fathoms, Stimpson, 1852) to North Carolina. 
(The writer has not seen specimens from North Carolina.) Along 
the southern New England coast (Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, 
Narragansett Ba}', Long Island Sound) it is next to Cacsira mcui- 
hattensis, the most familiar, if not also the commonest, of the larger 
simple ascidians. In the harbors of Wood's Hole and Vineyard 
Haven, Mass., it can be found in summer in large masses on the piles 
of the wharves, growing in company with Perophora viridis YerriW, 
Amaroucium pellucidum form constellatum (Verrill), and Didemnum 
hdarium Van Name. 
Range in depth from low water to 15 fathoms. 
Cynthia stellifera Verrill (1871a, p. 93) is only a depressed variety 
of this species as Verrill himself afterward concluded (1871a, p. 359). 
This species is very widely distributed. Rennie and Wiseman 
(1906) report it from the Cape Verde Islands, and the writer of the 
present paper has described (1902) a variety of this species (var. 
hermudense) from the Bermuda Islands, which is distinguished by 
smaller size, brighter colors (often almost entirely red) and by having 
a test of cartilaginous rather than coreaceous character. The internal 
characters do not differ from the typical T. partitum. The latter is 
apparently not found at Bermuda. Dr. Hartmeyer has recently 
informed the writer of his belief that T. variabile (Alder), 1863, from 
the Channel Islands and west coast of France (see Lacaze-Duthiers 
and Delege, 1892, and Alder and Hancock, 1907) and also T. cano- 
poides (Heller), 1877, from the Adriatic and Mediterranean, are identi- 
cal with each other and with T. partitum. T. canopoides has also 
been reported by Traustedt from the West Indies. One of Heller's 
type specimens of canopoides from the Adriatic, kindly sent to the 
