VAN NAME: SIMPLE ASCIDIANS. 5G1 
1908. Slijela loveni Redikorzew, Trav. Soc. Nat. St. Petcrsbourg, vol. 39, 
pp. 20, 24. 
1908. Styeln loveni Redikorzew, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 8, 
cl. plws.-math., vol. 18, p. 28. 
1908. Styela loveni Bjerkan, Tromsoe Mus. Aarshefter, no. 25, p. 62. 
1909. Tethyum loveni + Dendrodoa aggregata (part) Hartmeyer, Bronn's 
Tier-reich, vol. 3, suppl., pp. 1359, 1361. 
1912. Tethyum loveni HsiTtmeyer, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. For. Kjobcn- 
havn, vol. 63, p. 267. 
1912. Tethyum coriaceum Hartmeyer, Sitzungsb. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde, 
1911, no. 10, p. 440. 
Both Alder and Hancock (1905-1907) and Verrill (1871a) agree in 
regard to this species, that when alive it is very contractile and able 
to change its shape greatly. Aside from this it is subject to great 
individual variation in form. Living extended specimens are often 
rather tall and cylindrical with the four-lobed apertures on fairly 
Te.xt-flg. 33. — Tethyum coriaceum (Alder and Hancock). X 2.2. 
prominent divergent tubes arising from the upper part of the body. 
This condition will rarely be found in preserved specimens, which are 
generally much contracted and have a low dome-shaped or flattened 
form of circular or oval outline when seen from above, or they may be 
of a low conical or pyramidal shape attached by a broad expanded 
base, and the apertures may be but little raised above the surface. 
The test commonly spreads out a little over the object to which the 
animal is attached. Alcoholic specimens are usually of a dirty gray 
or brown color. When alive it is " dark reddish brown, or orange 
brown, darker below, the wrinkles lighter than the interstices and often 
salmon colored; the upper parts especially the summit between the 
apertures, are deep salmon. The apertures are orange red within, 
and surrounded by a ring of bright red " (Verrill, 1871a). 
The most easily recognizable external character of the species is 
that the upper surface is more or less thickly and evenly studded 
with very minute tubercles which are generally translucent and of 
rounded form, resembling in size and appearance grains of smooth 
