VAN NAME: SIMPLE ASCIDIANS. 599 
ward to Cape Cod (Stellwagen's Bank and oflF Chatham), especially 
in the deeper waters and on the banks (Jeffrey's Bank, Cashe's Ledge, 
etc.), oflF the coast. In the Gulf of Maine it occurs, according to 
Verrill, in from 48 to 175 fathoms, and in the Bay of Fundy from 
40 fathoms downward. Station 371 (off Chatham, Massachusetts, 
Chatham Lights N. 72° W., 16 miles, 34| fathon,is, coarse sand) is 
the most southern locality from which the writer has seen this species. 
This is also somewhat shallower water than usual for the species, as it 
occurs chiefly in depths of over 50 fathoms and ranges to 244 fathoms 
(Station 2470, N. lat. 44° 47', W. long. 56° 33' 05", gray mud), 289 
fathoms (Davis Straits), and 600 meters (off Norway). Among the 
localities of specimens examined are: 
Station 2520 (south of Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, N. lat. 42° 41', W. long. 64'' 
55' 30", 62 fathoms, rocky), many large specimens. 
Station 29B (off Cape Ann, N. lat. 42° 47' 30", W. long. 70° 20' 30", 33 
fathoms, gravel and stones). 
Rennie and Wiseman (1906) report this species from the Cape 
Verde Islands, where, however, one would not expect it to occur. 
Though found in a variety of situations, a stony bottom is much the 
most favorable for its growth. 
Phallusia prunum (Miiller). 
PI. 65, fig. 124-126; PI. 66, figs. 129, 132; PI. 72, figs. 156, 157; text-fig. 42. 
1776. Ascidia pruJiimi Miiller, Prodr. Zool. Dan., p. 225, no. 2730. 
1780. Ascidia complanata Fabricius, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 332, no. 320. 
1791. Ascidia prunum Gmelin, Sy.st. Nat., ed. 13, vol. 1, pt. 6, p. 3124, no. 9. 
1852. Ascidia callosa Stimpson, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, p. 228. 
1854. Ascidia callosa Stimpson, Smithsonian Contr., vol. 6, p. 19. 
1860. Ascidia callosa Stimpson, Smithsonian Check-list, p. 2. 
1863. Ascidia callosa Packard, Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. 8, 
p. 412. 
1867. Ascidia callosa Packard, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, p. 276. 
1870. Ascidia callosa Binney, Gould's Invertebrata of Massachusetts, ed. 
2, p. 26, pi. 23, fig. 318. 
1870. Ascidia ? callosa Dall, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 13, p. 255. 
1870. Ascidia callosa Verrill, Amer. Naturalist, vol. 3, p. 383. 
1871. Ascidia complanata Verrill, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 98, fig. 11. 
1872. Ascidia complanata Verrill, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 3, pp. 3, 5. 
1872. Ascidiopsis complanalus (or complanata) Verrill, Amer. Journ. Sci., 
ser. 3, vol. 3, pp. 214, 289, pi. 8, fig. 8. 
1873. Ascidiopsis complanata Verrill, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 5, p. 101. 
