PALEOZOIC FAUNAS OF MISSOURI 
39 
inappropriate designation “Carboniferous system,” Pennine sys¬ 
tem is appropriate, because the Carboniferous system of the 
Pennine range of England was Conybeare’s typical locality, as I 
have previously suggested.^ 
This Carboniferous (or Pennine) system, as represented in 
Missouri, may be classified as follows: 
“Permo-Carboniferous” ? Permian series. 
Coal Measures, or Pennsylvania series. 
Lower Carboniferous, or Mississippian series. 
The facts before us are sufficient to suggest a threefold divis¬ 
ion of the Mississippian series on paleontologic grounds, thus: 
Ste. Genevieve group 
' Chester. 
- St. Louis. 
Warsaw (in part). 
Mississippian 
series. 
- Ozark group 
[ Chouteau group 
I Keokuk. 
I Burlington. 
f Chouteau. 
J Vermicular. 
( Lithographic. 
The name “Mississippian series” is a revival and slight adapta¬ 
tion of the name proposed by Professor Alexander Winchell in 
1869. He said: “I propose the use of this term (Mississippi 
Limestone series, or Mississippi group) as a geographical designa¬ 
tion for the Carboniferous Limestones of the United States, which 
are so largely developed in the valley of the Mississippi River.” ^ 
Up to the date of the publication of Professor Winchell’s paper, 
the Chouteau group of Missouri was still called “Chemung” by 
many paleontologists, and the great value of the paper consisted 
in showing that the Marshall group of Michigan, the Waverly 
series, in part of Ohio, and the formations between the Black 
Shales and base of the Burlington in the Mississippi valley (which 
had already been so interpreted by Meek and Worthen), were 
properly associated with the Carboniferous system on paleontologic 
grounds. I would propose, therefore, to apply the name “Missis¬ 
sippian series,” not only to the limestones, but to all these forma¬ 
tions which, in the Mississippi valley, are naturally associated by 
their faunas with the limestone series, and thus use it as a name 
3 Geol. Soc of America, Vol. II: “What is the Carboniferous System ” read at 
the Indianapolis meeting August, 1890. Abstract, Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol II, 
pp. 16-20. 
4 “The Marshall Group, etc.” Proc. American Philos. Soc., Vol. XI, p. 79. 
