MAJOR EARTH FEATURES 
187 
The problem of a pushing of the Indian mass to the north 
brings in an insurmountable complication,- due to the fact that 
far to the east of the peninsula of anterior India a remnant of 
Gondwanaland appears in the massif of Camboda. Geologic struc¬ 
ture, sedimentary sequence, Mesozoic land fauna and flora leave 
no doubt concerning the close relationship between the massif of 
Camboda and anterior India. Between them, however, is the 
system of the Burman folded arc, made up of a thick series 
of marine sediments. Whoever accepts Wegener’s hypothesis 
must agree that in this case we are dealing with sediments of an 
epicontinental sea that transgressing over a continental mass, 
which on one side in the Indian peninsula, and on the other in 
^ the Camboda massif, towered above the surface of the sea, and 
which underwent jointly the horizontal movement to the north. 
To the shelf region of this continental mass must, however, have 
belonged the Sunda Islands, the agreement of their Mesozoic sedi¬ 
ments with those of the Himalayas being such a far-reaching one 
that both must be considered as formations of a single deposition 
region. This agreement is especially true for the Jurassic sedi¬ 
mentation, which shows precisely similar faunal and lithological 
characters on the Moluccas and in Spiti. 
The Mesozoic formations of this Himalayan sedimentary prov¬ 
ince extend, however, far into the interior of Tibet and southern 
China, that is, into a region which belongs to the Eurasian shelf 
zone. In the formation of the mountains within the mediterranean 
zone of Tethys, considerable portions of the coastal shelf of Eu¬ 
rasia, as well as Gondwanaland, obviously take part. However, 
it can not equally well be said that in the welding of the Indian 
mass on to the Eurasian, only the shelf of the former was pushed 
up into folded mountains. The tectonic continuation of the cen¬ 
tral Asiatic chains of the Himalayas as far as Tien-Schan in 
anterior Asia shows that this can not be the case. And now the 
question naturally arises, where does the boundary lie between 
the sediments of the Eurasian shelf and of Gondwanaland? Is 
there such a thing? Both questions must be answered in the 
negative on the basis of our stratigraphic observations. 
For those who share the view that Gondwanaland has always 
been in the same place in which it now lies, it is obvious that 
both questions are without any weight. In a single deposition 
